Uncertainty Quantification for Aerothermal Characteristics of HP Turbine Vanes Under Combined Hot-Streak and Turbulence Intensity Effects

This study presents a systematic framework for quantifying aerothermal uncertainties in high-pressure turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGV) under combustor-turbine interaction, focusing on the combined impacts of hot streak spatial variations and turbulence intensity fluctuations. By integrating parametric modeling of combustor-exit temperature fields, non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE), and Sobol sensitivity analysis, the methodology enables probabilistic evaluation of aerothermal performance across arbitrary turbine locations. Conjugate heat transfer simulations were conducted to analyze the effect of stochastic parameters on the NGV metal temperature uncertainty. The findings reveal that cooled NGVs exhibit an 80% increase in mean total pressure loss and 42% higher fluctuation amplitudes, driven by enhanced midspan mixing and counter-rotating vortices. Localized metal temperature fluctuations reach 4.3% of inlet total temperature, concentrated in cooling transition zones and secondary flow paths. Turbulence intensity dominates uncertainty contributions, while hot streak circumferential variations show minimal influence. The PCE based framework, augmented by Hammersley sampling, achieves computational efficiency with 20 samples, demonstrating robust capability for cooling system design under realistic inflow uncertainties. This work advances probabilistic aerothermal analysis methodologies, offering critical insights for turbine architectures operating under lean-burn combustor conditions

Crystal Phase Mediated Restructuring of Pt on TiO2 with Tunable Re-activity: Redispersion versus Reshaping

Restructuring of supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) e.g., reshaping and redispersion are of tremendous interest for the rational design of high-efficiency catalyst materials with precise particle sizes, shapes, and reactivities. Here we show a crystal phase mediated restructuring of Pt NPs on TiO2, as a simple approach for fabricating either atomically dispersed single atoms (SAs) or reshaped planar NPs of Pt catalysts with tunable reactivities. Utilizing a variety of state-of-the-art characterizations, we showed that rutile TiO2 favors the reshaping of 2D planar Pt NPs, whereas the anatase surface facilitates the redispersion of Pt NPs to SAs upon calcination in the air up to 400 ºC. Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) and density function theory (DFT) calculations were employed to directly visualize the dynamic transformation of Pt NPs and reveal the specific role that TiO2 supports play in promoting the stability and diffusion of Pt SAs. As a result, the reverse reactivity was achieved by tunning their distinct restructuring behaviors. Thus, the Pt SAs on anatase TiO2 preferentially activated selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene (21.22 x 10-2 s-1 at 50 ºC), while planar Pt NPs on rutile significantly enhanced the combustion of methane (3.11 x 10-2 s-1 at 310 ºC). Our results therefore open up new routes for tuning the restructuring behavior of supported metal catalysts and designing catalysts with controlled catalytic structures and reactivities.</jats:p

Crystal Phase Mediated Restructuring of Pt on TiO2 with Tunable Re-activity: Redispersion versus Reshaping

Restructuring of supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) e.g., reshaping and redispersion are of tremendous interest for the rational design of high-efficiency catalyst materials with precise particle sizes, shapes, and reactivities. Here we show a crystal phase mediated restructuring of Pt NPs on TiO2, as a simple approach for fabricating either atomically dispersed single atoms (SAs) or reshaped planar NPs of Pt catalysts with tunable reactivities. Utilizing a variety of state-of-the-art characterizations, we showed that rutile TiO2 favors the reshaping of 2D planar Pt NPs, whereas the anatase surface facilitates the redispersion of Pt NPs to SAs upon calcination in the air up to 400 ºC. Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) and density function theory (DFT) calculations were employed to directly visualize the dynamic transformation of Pt NPs and reveal the specific role that TiO2 supports play in promoting the stability and diffusion of Pt SAs. As a result, the reverse reactivity was achieved by tunning their distinct restructuring behaviors. Thus, the Pt SAs on anatase TiO2 preferentially activated selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene (21.22 x 10-2 s-1 at 50 ºC), while planar Pt NPs on rutile significantly enhanced the combustion of methane (3.11 x 10-2 s-1 at 310 ºC). Our results therefore open up new routes for tuning the restructuring behavior of supported metal catalysts and designing catalysts with controlled catalytic structures and reactivities

Circulating Long RNAs in Serum Extracellular Vesicles: Their Characterization and Potential Application as Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Background: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNAs are long RNAs (≥200 nucleotides) compared with miRNAs. In blood, long RNAs may be protected by serum extracellular vesicles, such as apoptotic bodies (AB), microvesicles (MV), and exosomes (EXO). They are potential biomarkers for identifying cancer. Methods: Sera from 76 preoperative colorectal cancer patients, 76 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, and 20 colorectal adenoma patients without colorectal cancer were collected. We investigated the distribution of long RNAs into the three vesicles. Seventy-nine cancer-related long RNAs were chosen and detected using qPCR. Results: The quantity of long RNA has varying distribution among three subtypes of extracellular vesicles in serum. Most mRNA and lncRNA genes had higher quantity in EXOs than that in ABs and MVs, whereas MVs contain lowest quantity. We investigated 79 long RNAs chosen from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the LncRNADisease database in the sera of healthy patients, and those with colorectal cancer. In the training and test sets, the AUCs were 0.936 and 0.877, respectively. The AUC of total serum RNA was lower (0.857) than that of exosomal RNA in the same samples (0.936). Conclusion: The present study shows that exosomal mRNAs and lncRNAs in serum could be used as biomarkers to detect colorectal cancer. Impact: Among three types of vesicles in sera, EXOs were the richest reservoir for almost all measured long RNAs. The combination of two mRNAs, KRTAP5-4 and MAGEA3, and one lncRNA, BCAR4, could be potential candidates to detect colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(7); 1158–66. ©2016 AACR.</jats:p

Supplementary Table 1 from Circulating Long RNAs in Serum Extracellular Vesicles: Their Characterization and Potential Application as Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

The primers of candidate reference genes chosen by this study.</p

Supplementary Table 3 from Circulating Long RNAs in Serum Extracellular Vesicles: Their Characterization and Potential Application as Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

The list of lncRNA primers and the statistical results of exosomal RNA level comparison between 8 CRCs and 8 healthy subjects</p

Supplementary Table 2 from Circulating Long RNAs in Serum Extracellular Vesicles: Their Characterization and Potential Application as Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

The list of mRNA primers and the statistical results of exosomal RNA level comparison between 8 CRCs and 8 healthy subjects</p

Supplementary Figure 1 from Circulating Long RNAs in Serum Extracellular Vesicles: Their Characterization and Potential Application as Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Nine candidate reference genes were detected in (a) total serum RNA and (b) exosome RNA from colorectal cancer and healthy controls. geNorm analysis showed that L13 was the best reference gene in both serum RNA and exosome RNA.</p

Crystal-Phase-Mediated Restructuring of Pt on TiO₂ with Tunable Reactivity: Redispersion versus Reshaping

Restructuring of supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g., reshaping and redispersion) is of tremendous interest for the rational design of well-defined catalyst materials, but the underlying mechanism to tune their dynamic behaviors and thus reactivity is still unspecified. Here, we show a crystal-phase-mediated redispersion/reshaping of Pt NPs on TiO2, boosting opposite reactivities in hydrogenation/oxidation reactions. Utilizing a variety of state-of-the-art characterization methods, we unraveled that rutile TiO2 favors the reshaping of Pt NPs into two-dimensional planar geometry, whereas the anatase surface facilitates the redispersion of Pt NPs to single atoms (SAs) upon the same calcination procedure. Environmental transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations were employed to directly visualize the dynamic transformation of Pt NPs and reveal the specific role of TiO2 supports in promoting the stability and diffusion of Pt SAs. As a result, the opposite reactivity was achieved by tuning their distinct restructuring behaviors. Thus, the redispersion of Pt on anatase TiO2 facilitates the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene with a high styrene yield of 21.22 × 10–2 s–1, whereas the reshaping on the rutile phase favors the combustion of methane with a turnover frequency as high as 3.11 × 10–2 s–1. Our results therefore open up an effective route for tuning the restructuring behavior of supported metal catalysts and designing catalysts with controlled catalytic structures and reactivities