29,398 research outputs found
Deeper Insights into Graph Convolutional Networks for Semi-Supervised Learning
Many interesting problems in machine learning are being revisited with new
deep learning tools. For graph-based semisupervised learning, a recent
important development is graph convolutional networks (GCNs), which nicely
integrate local vertex features and graph topology in the convolutional layers.
Although the GCN model compares favorably with other state-of-the-art methods,
its mechanisms are not clear and it still requires a considerable amount of
labeled data for validation and model selection. In this paper, we develop
deeper insights into the GCN model and address its fundamental limits. First,
we show that the graph convolution of the GCN model is actually a special form
of Laplacian smoothing, which is the key reason why GCNs work, but it also
brings potential concerns of over-smoothing with many convolutional layers.
Second, to overcome the limits of the GCN model with shallow architectures, we
propose both co-training and self-training approaches to train GCNs. Our
approaches significantly improve GCNs in learning with very few labels, and
exempt them from requiring additional labels for validation. Extensive
experiments on benchmarks have verified our theory and proposals.Comment: AAAI-2018 Oral Presentatio
A Contrastive Study of Conceptual Metaphor in Chinese and American Courtroom Discourse
Based on the corpora of 20 Chinese cases from Court Insession and 20 American cases from Famous Trials, the current study aimed to to apply Conceptual Metaphor Theory to carry out a contrastive analysis of the main conceptual metaphors between the two countries’ corpora and further explore the reasons for selecting the same and different conceptual metaphors in the two courtroom discourses. By analyzing the two countries’ corpora, the result showed that life experience and the way of thinking are the main reasons for similarities of the conceptual metaphors between Chinese and American courtroom discourses, while cultural connotation and social environment account for the dissimilarities of the conceptual metaphors in Chinese and American courtroom discourses
On the Translation of The Great Ming Code (Da Ming Lü) from the Perspective of Translator’s Discourse
Based on a paucity of cases and drawing on the translator’s subjectivity, this essay examines how Jiang Yonglin employed numerous translation strategies to foster the realization his discursive power: On the one hand, he tries to be neutral or objective via a combination of domestication and foreignization strategies, at the same time, influenced by such factors as culture, value and ideology, he is more or less biased towards one party by adopting selective translation strategies. The study proposes that translators, subject to various social and personal ideologies and cultural value, do display double roles during the translation process. The findings illustrate the fact that there is indeed a close connection between discourse and ideology, and promote the translation criticism of Chinese legal classics
Determining layer number of two dimensional flakes of transition-metal dichalcogenides by the Raman intensity from substrate
Transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors have been widely studied
due to their distinctive electronic and optical properties. The property of TMD
flakes is a function of its thickness, or layer number (N). How to determine N
of ultrathin TMDs materials is of primary importance for fundamental study and
practical applications. Raman mode intensity from substrates has been used to
identify N of intrinsic and defective multilayer graphenes up to N=100.
However, such analysis is not applicable for ultrathin TMD flakes due to the
lack of a unified complex refractive index () from monolayer to bulk
TMDs. Here, we discuss the N identification of TMD flakes on the SiO/Si
substrate by the intensity ratio between the Si peak from 100-nm (or 89-nm)
SiO/Si substrates underneath TMD flakes and that from bare SiO/Si
substrates. We assume the real part of of TMD flakes as that of
monolayer TMD and treat the imaginary part of as a fitting
parameter to fit the experimental intensity ratio. An empirical ,
namely, , of ultrathin MoS, WS and WSe
flakes from monolayer to multilayer is obtained for typical laser excitations
(2.54 eV, 2.34 eV, or 2.09 eV). The fitted of MoS has
been used to identify N of MoS flakes deposited on 302-nm SiO/Si
substrate, which agrees well with that determined from their shear and
layer-breathing modes. This technique by measuring Raman intensity from the
substrate can be extended to identify N of ultrathin 2D flakes with N-dependent
. For the application purpose, the intensity ratio excited by
specific laser excitations has been provided for MoS, WS and
WSe flakes and multilayer graphene flakes deposited on Si substrates
covered by 80-110 nm or 280-310 nm SiO layer.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by Nanotechnolog
Quantum logical gates with four-level SQUIDs coupled to a superconducting resonator
We propose a way for realizing a two-qubit controlled phase gate with
superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) coupled to a
superconducting resonator. In this proposal, the two lowest levels of each
SQUID serve as the logical states and two intermediate levels of each SQUID are
used for the gate realization. We show that neither adjustment of SQUID level
spacings during the gate operation nor uniformity in SQUID parameters is
required by this proposal. In addition, this proposal does not require the
adiabatic passage or a second-order detuning and thus the gate is much faster.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
A Note on Symplectic, Multisymplectic Scheme in Finite Element Method
We find that with uniform mesh, the numerical schemes derived from finite
element method can keep a preserved symplectic structure in one-dimensional
case and a preserved multisymplectic structure in two-dimentional case in
certain discrete version respectively. These results are in fact the intrinsic
reason that the numerical experiments indicate that such finite element
algorithms are accurate in practice.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
- …