Characterisation Platform For Surface Metrology

The measurement and characterisation of surface texture are the most critical factors and important functionality indicators.The real surfaces is continuous, but a discrete data set is acquired by any metrology instrumentation. After a series of processes of the finite digital sample, the parameters, which are the link betweenthe surface texture, the functionality excepted and the manufacturing process, will be calculated for the surface characterisation. This platform is designed to realize the analysis and processes for the surface characterisation

What explains Alibaba’s miraculous IPO success on the New York Stock Exchange?

Funding This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 72173036; the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province under Grant 721RC515. The authors are solely responsible for any error or omission herein. Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 72173036; the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province under Grant 721RC515. The authors are solely responsible for any error or omission herein. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Peer reviewe

Sparse Signal Reconstruction Based on Multiparameter Approximation Function with Smoothed l

The smoothed l0 norm algorithm is a reconstruction algorithm in compressive sensing based on approximate smoothed l0 norm. It introduces a sequence of smoothed functions to approximate the l0 norm and approaches the solution using the specific iteration process with the steepest method. In order to choose an appropriate sequence of smoothed function and solve the optimization problem effectively, we employ approximate hyperbolic tangent multiparameter function as the approximation to the big “steep nature” in l0 norm. Simultaneously, we propose an algorithm based on minimizing a reweighted approximate l0 norm in the null space of the measurement matrix. The unconstrained optimization involved is performed by using a modified quasi-Newton algorithm. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithms yield improved signal reconstruction quality and performance

NMDA receptor internalization down-regulates NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses through the inhibition of remaining (non-internalized) surface NMDA receptors

Cell-surface protein endocytosis is critically involved in the regulation of organismal homeostasis, immune responses, development and neurotransmission [1,2,3,4]. Mechanisms underlying the endocytosis of cell surface proteins have been extensively investigated. However, until very recently no study has reported how non-internalized cell surface proteins may behave following endocytosis of same type of proteins. Here, we highlight findings that regulated NMDA receptor (NMDAR) internalization not only reduces the amount of NMDARs expressed on neuronal surface but also through activating PKD1 pathway phosphorylates and down-regulates remaining (non-internalized) surface NMDARs. This down-regulation of remaining surface NMDARs plays a critical role in the modulation of NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses by NMDAR internalization

Pretreatment of microcrystalline cellulose in organic electrolyte solutions for enzymatic hydrolysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that the crystalline structure of cellulose is negatively correlated with enzymatic digestibility, therefore, pretreatment is required to break down the highly ordered crystalline structure in cellulose, and to increase the porosity of its surface. In the present study, an organic electrolyte solution (OES) composed of an ionic liquid (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl)) and an organic solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO) was prepared, and used to pretreat microcrystalline cellulose for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis; to our knowledge, this is the first time that this method has been used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Microcrystalline cellulose (5 wt%) rapidly dispersed and then completely dissolved in an OES with a molar fraction of [AMIM]Cl per OES (χ _[AMIM]Cl) of greater than or equal to 0.2 at 110°C within 10 minutes. The cellulose was regenerated from the OES by precipitation with hot water, and enzymatically hydrolyzed. As the χ _[AMIM]Clof the OES increased from 0.1 to 0.9, both the hydrolysis yield and initial hydrolysis rate of the regenerated cellulose also increased gradually. After treatment using OES with χ _[AMIM]Clof 0.7, the glucose yield (54.1%) was 7.2 times that of untreated cellulose. This promotion of hydrolysis yield was mainly due to the decrease in the degree of crystallinity (that is, the crystallinity index of cellulose I).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>An OES of [AMIM]Cl and DMSO with χ _[AMIM]Clof 0.7 was chosen for cellulose pretreatment because it dissolved cellulose rapidly to achieve a high glucose yield (54.1%), which was only slightly lower than the value (59.6%) obtained using pure [AMIM]Cl. OES pretreatment is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique for hydrolysis, because it 1) uses the less expensive OES instead of pure ionic liquids, 2) shortens dissolution time, 3) requires lower energy for stirring and transporting, and 4) is recyclable.</p

Control of absorption of monolayer MoS2_{2} thin-film transistor in one-dimensional defective photonic crystal

The light absorption and transmission of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ in a one-dimensional defective photonic crystal (d-1DPC) is theoretically investigated. The study shows that the strong interference effect decreases photon density in particular areas of the microcavity. The d-1DPC can reduce light absorption of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ and enhance light transmission. The impact of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ light absorption on the localization effect of photon is investigated when monolayer MoS$_{2}$ and the organic light-emitting diode are located in the same microcavity. However, monolayer MoS$_{2}$ does not reduce the localization effect of light by regulating the position of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ in the microcavity.Comment: 5pages,5figure