An XMM-Newton study of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant W28 (G6.4-0.1)

We have performed an XMM-Newton imaging and spectroscopic study of supernova remnant (SNR) W28, a prototype mixed-morphology or thermal composite SNR, believed to be interacting with a molecular cloud. The observed hot X-ray emitting plasma is characterized by low metal abundances, showing no evidence of ejecta. The X-rays arising from the deformed northeast shell consist of a thermal component with a temperature of $\sim0.3$ keV plus a hard component of either thermal (temperature $\sim 0.6$ keV) or non-thermal (photon index $=0.9$-2.4) origin. The X-ray emission in the SNR interior is blobby and the corresponding spectra are best described as the emission from a cold ($kT\sim0.4$ keV) plasma in non-equilibrium ionization with an ionization timescale of $\sim4.3\times 10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$ s plus a hot ($kT \sim 0.8$ keV) gas in collisional ionization equilibrium. Applying the two-temperature model to the smaller central regions, we find non-uniform interstellar absorption, temperature and density distribution, which indicates that the remnant is evolving in a non-uniform environment with denser material in the east and north. The cloudlet evaporation mechanism can essentially explain the properties of the X-ray emission in the center and thermal conduction may also play a role for length scales comparable to the remnant radius. A recombining plasma model with an electron temperature of $\sim 0.6$ keV is also feasible for describing the hot central gas with the recombination age of the gas estimated at $\sim2.9\times 10^4$ yr.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, ApJ in pres

Empirical Study on Employee Job Satisfaction in Retail Industries

Enterprises are constituted by a number of employees, Employee Satisfaction directly determine their level of enthusiasm, which affecting the basic conditions of human resources. In this area, the research about retail industries is weak. In view of this paper is to make my own explorations. So I explore the characteristics and features of investigation upon the research of Employee Satisfaction people did before. Then the evaluation criteria of Employee Satisfaction is determined. The evaluation criteria is determined quantitative by AHP, The article use the AHP and Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Model to find the way to assess the Employee Satisfaction effectively

Hexaaqua­cobalt(II) bis­{[N-(4-meth­oxy-2-oxidobenzyl­idene)glycyl­glycinato]copper(II)} hexa­hydrate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Co(H2O)6][Cu(C12H11N2O5)]2·6H2O, the CoII atom is located on an inversion center and coordinated by six water mol­ecules in a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. The CuII atom is chelated by the Schiff base ligand in a distorted CuN2O2 square-planar geometry. An extensive O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding network is present in the crystal structure

Convenient and General Zinc-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Diazonium Salts and Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions

A convenient and general zinc-catalyzed borylation of aryl diazonium salts and aryltriazenes has been developed. With bis- (pinacolato)diboron as the borylation reagent, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salts and aryltriazenes were transformed into the corresponding arylboronates in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. As a convenient and practical methodology, no additional ligands, base, or any other additives are required here