Procedural device Parameters of Patients in both groups.

<p>atm: atmosphere.</p

Post-procedural levels of BNP, TnI and hs-CRP between both groups (M(Q1,Q3)).

<p>Post-procedural levels of BNP, TnI and hs-CRP between both groups (M(Q1,Q3)).</p

Pre-procedural levels of BNP, TnI and hs-CRP between both groups (M(Q1,Q3)).

<p>Pre-procedural levels of BNP, TnI and hs-CRP between both groups (M(Q1,Q3)).</p

Pre-post procedural levels of BNP, TnI and hs-CRP in conventional group(M(Q1,Q3)).

<p>BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; TnI:troponin I; hs-CRP:high sensitive C-reactive protein. (the same below)</p

High-pressure post-dilation following coronary stent deployment.

<p>1. Long lesions at the middle of LAD with 90% stenosis, the vessel diameter difference was significant between the proximal and distal segment. 2. Stent deployment in the LAD lesions. 3. Proximal stented segment was post-dilated with a non-compliant balloon. 4. Stent well-deployment after post-dilation,the proximal and distal segment morphology was even. 5. Tubular lesions at the middle of LAD with 90% stenosis,the vessel diameter difference was not significant between the proximal and distal segment. 6. Stent deployment in the LAD lesions and the middle of stent was incomplete apposition. 7. Middle stented segment was post-dilated with a non-compliant balloon. 8. Stent well-deployment after post-dilation,the proximal and distal segment morphology was even.</p

Demographic information of different groups.

<p>T-T test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for comparison between different groups. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic information among the three groups.</p><p>Abbreviation: PD+FOG = PD patients with freezing of gait; PD-FOG = PD patients without freezing of gait; H-Y scale = Hohen Yahr scale; UPDRS = Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; FOG-Q = Freezing of gait questionnaire.</p

Pre-post procedural levels of BNP, TnI and hs-CRP in post-dilation group(M(Q1,Q3)).

<p>Pre-post procedural levels of BNP, TnI and hs-CRP in post-dilation group(M(Q1,Q3)).</p

Using Gastrocnemius sEMG and Plasma α-Synuclein for the Prediction of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease Patients

<div><p>Freezing of gait (FOG) is a complicated gait disturbance in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a relevant subclinical predictor algorithm is lacking. The main purpose of this study is to explore the potential value of surface electromyograph (sEMG) and plasma α-synuclein levels as predictors of the FOG seen in PD. 21 PD patients and 15 normal controls were recruited. Motor function was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Freezing of gait questionnaire (FOG-Q). Simultaneously, gait analysis was also performed using VICON capture system in PD patients and sEMG data was recorded as well. Total plasma α-synuclein was quantitatively assessed by Luminex assay in all participants. Recruited PD patients were classified into two groups: PD patients with FOG (PD+FOG) and without FOG (PD-FOG), based on clinical manifestation, the results of the FOG-Q and VICON capture system. PD+FOG patients displayed higher FOG-Q scores, decreased walking speed, smaller step length, smaller stride length and prolonged double support time compared to the PD-FOG in the gait trial. sEMG data indicated that gastrocnemius activity in PD+FOG patients was significantly reduced compared to PD-FOG patients. In addition, plasma α-synuclein levels were significantly decreased in the PD+FOG group compared to control group; however, no significant difference was found between the PD+FOG and PD-FOG groups. Our study revealed that gastrocnemius sEMG could be used to evaluate freezing gait in PD patients, while plasma α-synuclein might discriminate freezing of gait in PD patients from normal control, though no difference was found between the PD+FOG and PD-FOG groups.</p></div

Clinical Features of Patients in both groups.

<p>Clinical Features of Patients in both groups.</p

Surface EMG data of PD+FOG and PD-FOG group.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Mean amplitude of GAS activity was significantly reduced in the PD+FOG group compared to the PD-FOG group, but was similar for TIA activity. (<b>B</b>) Mean area of GAS activity was significantly reduced in the PD+FOG group compared to the PD-FOG group, but was similar for TIA activity.</p