NBQX decreased seizures induced by PTZ on latency to seizure (s), duration of the minor seizure onset (s), duration of the major seizure onset (s), and scores for the severity of seizures in rats.

<p>NBQX decreased seizures induced by PTZ on latency to seizure (s), duration of the minor seizure onset (s), duration of the major seizure onset (s), and scores for the severity of seizures in rats.</p

PTZ induced significant changes on latency to seizures (s), duration of the minor seizure onset (s), duration of the major seizure onset (s), and scores for the severity of seizures in rats.

<p>PTZ induced significant changes on latency to seizures (s), duration of the minor seizure onset (s), duration of the major seizure onset (s), and scores for the severity of seizures in rats.</p

ChABC reversed the anti-epileptic effects of NBQX in PTZ-induced seizures.

<p>ChABC reversed the anti-epileptic effects of NBQX in PTZ-induced seizures.</p

Chronic PTZ treatment reduced PNNs (<i>WFA</i>), tenascin-R, aggrecan and Neurocan in the medial prefrontal cortex.

<p>(A) Schemes of experimental schedules. (B) Numbers of <i>WFA</i>+ PNNs in mPFC of control and PTZ treatment, scale bar is 50 μm, n = 6 per group. Representative <i>WFA</i>+ images of immunofluorescence staining are shown on the right. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (C) The levels of tenascin-R, aggrecan and Neurocan in mPFC are shown. Representative Western blot images are shown on the right. The data are expressed as a percentage of the values obtained for the rats treated with saline. *<i>p <</i> 0.01, different from corresponding saline groups (<i>n =</i> 6).</p

ChABC exacerbated the epileptic seizure induced by PTZ.

<p>ChABC exacerbated the epileptic seizure induced by PTZ.</p

NBQX increased PNNs (<i>WFA</i>), tenascin-R, aggrecan and Neurocan in the medial prefrontal cortex in PTZ-treated rats.

<p>(A) Schemes of experimental schedules. (B) Numbers of <i>WFA</i>+ PNNs in mPFC of control and PTZ treatment, scale bar 50 μm, n = 6 per group. Representative <i>WFA</i>+ images of immunofluorescence staining are shown on the right. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. The levels of (C) tenascin-R, (D) aggrecan and (E) Neurocan in mPFC are shown. Representative Western blot images are shown on the right. The data are expressed as a percentage of the values obtained for the rats treated with saline. *<i>p <</i> 0.01, different from corresponding saline groups, # <i>p</i> < 0.01, compared with PTZ group (<i>n =</i> 6).</p

Table_1_PD-1 blockade and radiotherapy combination for advanced Epstein-Barr virus-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report and literature review.xlsx

Advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignant tumor of biliary epithelial cells, known for its extremely unfavorable prognosis. In the absence of intervention, patients typically survive for less than 5 months. Current guidelines from the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommend chemotherapy-based systemic therapy as the standard treatment for advanced ICC. However, the first-line regimen, consisting of gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin, generally results in a median survival of approximately one year, which is considered suboptimal. Significant progress has been made in radiotherapy techniques, molecular diagnostics, and tumor immune microenvironments. The integration of immune and radiation therapies has revolutionized treatment strategies for cholangiocarcinoma. Moreover, combined therapeutic regimens have shown promising results in improving survival rates among patients with advanced ICC. In this study, we present a case report of a 70-year-old male patient diagnosed with stage IV ICC, featuring metastases to the retroperitoneal, left adrenal, and left supraclavicular lymph nodes. The patient exhibited a high tumor mutational load, significant microsatellite instability, and hyper-expression of PD-L1 (90%), along with positive Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER). Pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, was administered in conjunction with radiotherapy. As a result, considerable shrinkage and inactivation of the primary foci were observed, accompanied by the disappearance of metastases. Ultimately, the patient achieved complete remission and maintained progression-free survival for 41 months following the initial treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the longest case of complete remission using a combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy as a first-line regimen for the high tumor mutational load, microsatellite instability, and PD-L1 expression (90%) subtype of Epstein-Barr virus-associated ICC (EBVaICC). These findings suggest that the combination of PD-1 inhibitors with radiotherapy may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating this particular cancer subtype.</p