Bubble Nucleation of Spatial Vector Fields

We study domain-walls and bubble nucleation in a non-relativistic vector field theory with different longitudinal and transverse speeds of sound. We describe analytical and numerical methods to calculate the orientation dependent domain-wall tension, $\sigma(\theta)$. We then use this tension to calculate the critical bubble shape. The longitudinally oriented domain-wall tends to be the heaviest, and sometime suffers an instability. It can spontaneously break into zigzag segments. In this case, the critical bubble develops kinks, and its energy, and therefore the tunneling rate, scales with the sound speeds very differently than what would be expected for a smooth bubble.Comment: version 4, correction in the citation

Quantum interface between frequency-uncorrelated down-converted entanglement and atomic-ensemble quantum memory

Photonic entanglement source and quantum memory are two basic building blocks of linear-optical quantum computation and long-distance quantum communication. In the past decades, intensive researches have been carried out, and remarkable progress, particularly based on the spontaneous parametric down-converted (SPDC) entanglement source and atomic ensembles, has been achieved. Currently, an important task towards scalable quantum information processing (QIP) is to efficiently write and read entanglement generated from a SPDC source into and out of an atomic quantum memory. Here we report the first experimental realization of a quantum interface by building a 5 MHz frequency-uncorrelated SPDC source and reversibly mapping the generated entangled photons into and out of a remote optically thick cold atomic memory using electromagnetically induced transparency. The frequency correlation between the entangled photons is almost fully eliminated with a suitable pump pulse. The storage of a triggered single photon with arbitrary polarization is shown to reach an average fidelity of 92% for 200 ns storage time. Moreover, polarization-entangled photon pairs are prepared, and one of photons is stored in the atomic memory while the other keeps flying. The CHSH Bell's inequality is measured and violation is clearly observed for storage time up to 1 microsecond. This demonstrates the entanglement is stored and survives during the storage. Our work establishes a crucial element to implement scalable all-optical QIP, and thus presents a substantial progress in quantum information science.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Effect of RuanGanJieDu decoction inhibit experimental hepatic fibrosis of rats

Background: RuanGanJieDu (RGJD) is a traditional Chinese medicine comprising nine Chinese medicinal herbs. The clinical use of RGJD by us was found that it has a good control effect on hepatic fibrosis (HF) patient. In order to further investigate the Anti-fibrosis mechanism of RGJD, hence this experiment has been carried out.Methods: After treatment, the general conditions of rats in each group were observed. The liver tissues morphology and HF phases were observed under light microscope. The weights of livers and spleens were recorded; the indices of liver and spleen were calculated. The α-SMA and E-cadherin of the liver tissues were determined by Immunohistochemistry, and the contents of ALT、AST and PCIII＋PCIV＋HA＋LN in rat serum were detected by ELISA.Results: After treatment, the rats in model group presented with abdominal distention and rough hair, lethargy and mental sluggishness, slow movement and irritability; Most rats in RGJD group and colchicine(Col) group were in good spirits and no obvious abnormal motion state. The RGJD had shown significant effects in improving the liver tissue morphology. The HF phases of RGJD group and Col group mainly distributed in the S1-S2 phases, were finer than the model group in the S3 phase (P<0.05). The wet weights and indices of livers and spleens in RGJD group were lower than the control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the expressions of E-cadherin, α-SMA and the serum levels of AST, ALT and PCIII＋PCIV in RGJD group were obviously decreased than the control groups except HA and LN (P<0.05).Conclusion: RGJD can improve the liver tissue morphology and reduce serum biochemical and collagen indices of HF, which proved a better curative effect of Chinese medicine than Col on HF and improving liver function.Keywords: RuanGanJieDu Decoction, hepatic fibrosis, α-SMA,E-cadherin, colchicin