6-Cyclo­hexyl­meth­yl-5-ethyl-2-[(2-oxo-2-phenyl­eth­yl)sulfan­yl]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

In the title compound, C21H26N2O2S, the cyclo­hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The angle at the methyl­ene bridge linking the pyrimidine and cyclo­hexane rings is 113.41 (13)°. This is in the range considered optimal for maximum activity of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers via pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Production of copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoates by E. coli containing an optimized PHA synthase gene

BACKGROUND: Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biopolyesters consisting of diverse monomers. PHA synthase PhaC2(Ps) cloned from Pseudomonas stutzeri 1317 is able to polymerize short-chain-length (scl) 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) monomers and medium-chain-length (mcl) 3-hydroxyalkanoates (3HA) with carbon chain lengths ranging from C6 to C12. However, the scl and mcl PHA production in Escherichia coli expressing PhaC2(Ps) is limited with very low PHA yield. RESULTS: To improve the production of PHA with a wide range of monomer compositions in E. coli, a series of optimization strategies were applied on the PHA synthase PhaC2(Ps). Codon optimization of the gene and mRNA stabilization with a hairpin structure were conducted and the function of the optimized PHA synthase was tested in E. coli. The transcript was more stable after the hairpin structure was introduced, and western blot analysis showed that both codon optimization and hairpin introduction increased the protein expression level. Compared with the wild type PhaC2(Ps), the optimized PhaC2(Ps) increased poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by approximately 16-fold to 30% of the cell dry weight. When grown on dodecanoate, the recombinant E. coli harboring the optimized gene phaC2(Ps)O with a hairpin structure in the 5’ untranslated region was able to synthesize 4-fold more PHA consisting of 3HB and medium-chain-length 3HA compared to the recombinant harboring the wild type phaC2(Ps). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of both PHB and scl-mcl PHA in E. coli were significantly increased by series of optimization strategies applied on PHA synthase PhaC2(Ps). These results indicate that strategies including codon optimization and mRNA stabilization are useful for heterologous PHA synthase expression and therefore enhance PHA production

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting with pleural effusion: A case report

AbstractAdult lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in predominantly adolescent and young adult men, accounting for 1% to 2% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In contrast to B-LBL, T-cell LBL is much more common, accounting for up to 90% of disease in adults. Mediastinal mass, pleural and/or pericardial effusions are the major characteristics of T-LBL. We report an 18-year-old male with a pleural effusion, mediastinal mass, a light pericardial effusion, and a normal hemogram. The cytology of the pleural effusion initially suggested malignancy, but definitive diagnosis was unclear. After a medical thoracoscopy, the partial pleura was picked and immunophenotypic study revealed the following: CD3+, TdT+, CD99+, CD20−. The patient was finally diagnosed with T-LBL and died only 6 months after that. The case highlight the point that medical thoracoscopy is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure for pleural diseases, and partial pleura biopsy with immunophenotyping was essential for achieving the correct diagnosis of LBL

Depositional evolution and models for a deep-lacustrine gravity flow system in a half-graben rifted sag, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea

Acknowledgement. The authors thank the Scientific Research Fund of the Institute of Seismology, CEA, and the National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China (Grant No.IS201626261), for funding this study and allowing its publication. In addition, the China Southern Petroleum Exploration & Development Corporation is thanked for allowing publication of the well log and seismic data. The authors also thank Professor Hua Wang and Professor R.W.C. Arnott for providing instruction and discussion, as well as Laura Rincón, Daniel Ariztegui, and Ovie Emmanuel Eruteya for providing constructive and comprehensive reviews that helped to improve this manuscript. We thank International Science Editing for editing this manuscript.The Paleogene Liushagang Formation is part of the Fushan Sag, a continental lacustrine basin located at the Southeastern margin of the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. Further understanding of the deep-water gravity flow deposits in this formation will be conducive to lithologic reservoir exploration in the sag. In this study, three members of the Liushagang Formation, SQEls3 SQEls2 and SQEls1, from old to young, are used with core observation, well log data, and three-dimensional seismic data to identify four deep-lacustrine gravity flow lithofacies including their vertical and lateral relationships within the depositional system. The results are then used to establish a deep-water gravity flow depositional model. Four types of gravity flow lithofacies developed in the sag: sandy debrite, turbidite, sandy slump, and bottom-current deposits. Sand-rich sub-lacustrine fan deposits with typical turbidite channels were developed mainly in the western depression, whereas distal isolated lobes formed by sandy debrite flow deposits occurred mainly in the eastern depression. The results obtained in this study will be helpful in the research of gravity flows in similar continental lacustrine environments

Development and identification of introgression lines from cross ofOryza sativa andOryza minuta. Rice Sci

Abstract: Introgression line population is effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs), identifying favorable genes, discovering hidden genetic variation, evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research. In this study, an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines (ILs), which derived from an accession of Oryza minuta (accession No. 101133) with BBCC genome, as the donor, and an elite indica cultivar IR24 (O. sativa), as the recipient. Introgression segments from O. minuta were screened using 164 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the genome of each IL. Introgressed segments carried by 131 ILs covered the whole O. sativa genome. The average number of homozygous O. minuta segments per introgression line was about 9.99. The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 14.78 cM, and about 79.64% of these segments had sizes less than 20 cM. In the genome of each introgression line, the O. minuta chromosomal segments harbored chromosomal fragments of O. sativa ranging from 1.15% to 27.6%, with an overall average of 8.57%. At each locus, the ratio of substitution of O. minuta alleles had a range of 1.5%−25.2%, with an average of 8.3%. Based on the evaluation of the phenotype of these ILs, a wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were found. After inoculation, ILs 41, 11 and 7 showed high resistance to bacterial blight, brown planthopper and whitebacked planthopper, respectively. These O. minuta-O. sativa ILs will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from O. minuta

Effects of high glucose on expression of OPG and RANKL in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells

AbstractObjectiveTo explore effect of high glucose on expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF– κ B ligand (RANKE) in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells.MethodsSD rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin, OPG and RANKL expression in rat thoracic aortas were detected by immunohistochemical staining. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) (A7r5), qRT–PCR and Western blot analysis were used to examine the mRNA and protein levels of OPG and RANKL.ResultsOur results demonstrated that OPG expression was increased in hyperglycemic rat aortic VSMCs, while RANKL expression was decreased. Besides, in vitro experiments high glucose induced OPG expression, but depressed RANKL expression by dose– and time–dependent manner in cultured A7r5.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that high glucose could promote the expression of OPG, and inhibit the expression of RANKL in VSMCs, which may be partly be the molecular mechanism of diabetic vascular calcification

Plastome phylogenomics and morphological traits analyses provide new insights into the phylogenetic position, species delimitation and speciation of Triplostegia (Caprifoliaceae)

Background The genus Triplostegia contains two recognized species, T. glandulifera and T. grandifora, but its phylogenetic position and species delimitation remain controversial. In this study, we assembled plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) cistrons sampled from 22 wild Triplostegia individuals, each from a separate population, and examined these with 11 recently published Triplostegia plastomes. Morphological traits were measured from herbarium specimens and wild material, and ecological niche models were constructed. Results Triplostegia is a monophyletic genus within the subfamily Dipsacoideae comprising three monophyletic species, T. glandulifera, T. grandifora, and an unrecognized species Triplostegia sp. A, which occupies much higher altitude than the other two. The new species had previously been misidentifed as T. glandulifera, but difers in taproot, leaf, and other characters. Triplotegia is an old genus, with stem age 39.96Ma, and within it T. glandulifera diverged 7.94Ma. Triplostegia grandifora and sp. A diverged 1.05Ma, perhaps in response to Quaternary climate fuctuations. Niche overlap between Triplostegia species was positively correlated with their phylogenetic relatedness. Conclusions Our results provide new insights into the species delimitation of Triplostegia, and indicate that a taxonomic revision of Triplostegia is needed. We also identifed that either rpoB-trnC or ycf1 could serve as a DNA barcode for Triplostegi