39 research outputs found
シベリア亜寒帯林における樹冠と林床の植生指数
Clinical characteristic of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and trauma. (DOC 45 kb
Metabolites from <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, an Endophytic Fungus Associated with <i>Melia azedarach</i>, and Their Antifungal, Antifeedant, and Toxic Activities
Thirty-nine fungal metabolites <b>1</b>–<b>39</b>, including two new alkaloids, 12β-hydroxy-13α-methoxyverruculogen
TR-2 (<b>6</b>) and 3-hydroxyfumiquinazoline A (<b>16</b>), were isolated from the fermentation broth of <i>Aspergillus
fumigatus</i> LN-4, an endophytic fungus isolated from the stem
bark of <i>Melia azedarach</i>. Their structures were elucidated
on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis (mass spectrometry
and one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments) and by comparison of
their NMR data with those reported in the literature. These isolated
compounds were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activities against
some phytopathogenic fungi, toxicity against brine shrimps, and antifeedant
activities against armyworm larvae (<i>Mythimna separata</i> Walker). Among them, sixteen compounds showed potent antifungal
activities against phytopathogenic fungi (<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Alternaria solani</i>,<i> Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>, <i>Fusarium
solani</i>,<i> Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>niveum</i>,<i> Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i>, and <i>Gibberella saubinettii</i>), and four of them, 12β-hydroxy-13α-methoxyverruculogen
TR-2 (<b>6</b>), fumitremorgin B (<b>7</b>), verruculogen
(<b>8</b>), and helvolic acid (<b>39</b>), exhibited antifungal
activities with MIC values of 6.25–50 μg/mL, which were
comparable to the two positive controls carbendazim and hymexazol.
In addition, of eighteen that exerted moderate lethality toward brine
shrimps, compounds <b>7</b> and <b>8</b> both showed significant
toxicities with median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) values
of 13.6 and 15.8 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, among nine
metabolites that were found to possess antifeedant activity against
armyworm larvae, compounds <b>7</b> and <b>8</b> gave
the best activity with antifeedant indexes (AFI) of 50.0% and 55.0%,
respectively. Structure–activity relationships of the metabolites
were also discussed
Comparative Method To Quantify Dielectric Constant at Nanoscale Using Atomic Force Microscopy
We
propose a comparative method to measure the quasi-static dielectric
constant of relatively thick dielectric films (approximately 500 nm
or thicker) with comparatively low dielectric permittivity (1 <
ε<sub>r</sub> < 10) at nanoscale by using the force spectroscopy
technique of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Based on the relevance
of analytical expression of the force spectroscopy on the dielectric
susceptibility, the dielectric constant could be estimated by comparing
with a reference sample of comparable dielectric permittivity. The
validity of the approach was verified by good agreement between the
reported values in the literature and the experimental results obtained
on different materials, such as muscovite mica, SiO<sub>2</sub> film,
poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polystyrene (PS). The comparative
scheme avoids the complex simulation involving irregular shape of
AFM tips, providing a facile approach for quantitative analysis of
dielectric properties of a number of materials at the nanometer scale
Dihydroindeno[2,1‑<i>c</i>]fluorene-Based Imide Dyes: Synthesis, Structures, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties
A new
kind of imide dyes based on dihydroindeno[2,1-<i>c</i>]fluorene
have been developed. Consequently, a series of the organic dyes were
conveniently and efficiently synthesized. The single crystal structure
showed the dihydroindeno[2,1-<i>c</i>]fluorene core was
almost planar, and the dye molecule could pack into herringbone-like
structure in the solid state. It was found that the imide dyes all
showed strong fluorescence emissions in tetrahydrofuran, and they
also exhibited obvious red shifts with the increase of the π-conjugation
system and the enhancement of the electronic-donating effect. Moreover,
the electrochemical cyclic voltammograms of the imide dyes displayed
irreversible redoxes in the film state. The electronic structures
of aryl substituted imide dyes were also studied by the density functional
theory (DFT), which gave a further explanation for their electrochemical
behaviors
Dihydroindeno[2,1‑<i>c</i>]fluorene-Based Imide Dyes: Synthesis, Structures, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties
A new
kind of imide dyes based on dihydroindeno[2,1-<i>c</i>]fluorene
have been developed. Consequently, a series of the organic dyes were
conveniently and efficiently synthesized. The single crystal structure
showed the dihydroindeno[2,1-<i>c</i>]fluorene core was
almost planar, and the dye molecule could pack into herringbone-like
structure in the solid state. It was found that the imide dyes all
showed strong fluorescence emissions in tetrahydrofuran, and they
also exhibited obvious red shifts with the increase of the π-conjugation
system and the enhancement of the electronic-donating effect. Moreover,
the electrochemical cyclic voltammograms of the imide dyes displayed
irreversible redoxes in the film state. The electronic structures
of aryl substituted imide dyes were also studied by the density functional
theory (DFT), which gave a further explanation for their electrochemical
behaviors
Cytotoxicity of nPANI.
<p>(A) Morphology of macrophages under phase-contrast microscope (20× objective, inset: 40×) treated with nPANI at different concentrations. (B) Cell viability of macrophages treated with nPANI at different concentrations for different time periods. (C) ROS production by macrophages after being incubated with nPANI at different concentrations for 6 hours. (D) Effect of 6 hours incubation of nPANI on the mitochondrial membrane potential of macrophages. All data were expressed by mean ± S.E.M. of six measurements and each experiment was performed in triplicate. * and *** denote <i>p</i><0.05 and 0.001 versus the corresponding control.</p
An integrated risk predictor for pulmonary nodules
<div><p>It is estimated that over 1.5 million lung nodules are detected annually in the United States. Most of these are benign but frequently undergo invasive and costly procedures to rule out malignancy. A risk predictor that can accurately differentiate benign and malignant lung nodules could be used to more efficiently route benign lung nodules to non-invasive observation by CT surveillance and route malignant lung nodules to invasive procedures. The majority of risk predictors developed to date are based exclusively on clinical risk factors, imaging technology or molecular markers. Assessed here are the relative performances of previously reported clinical risk factors and proteomic molecular markers for assessing cancer risk in lung nodules. From this analysis an integrated model incorporating clinical risk factors and proteomic molecular markers is developed and its performance assessed on a subset of 222 lung nodules, between 8mm and 20mm in diameter, collected in a previously reported prospective study. In this analysis it is found that the molecular marker is most predictive. However, the integration of clinical and molecular markers is superior to both clinical and molecular markers separately.</p><p>Clinical Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (<a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01752101" target="_blank">NCT01752101</a>).</p></div
The effects of nPANI on the expressions of caspase-3 and activated caspase-3 expressions in macrophages.
<p>(A) Representative Western blots of the caspase-3 and β-actin expressions. (B) The relative levels were analyzed by determining the ratio of the activated caspase-3/β-actin. The values are the means ±S.E.M. of three replicates. ** and *** denote <i>p</i><0.01 and 0.001 versus the control, respectively.</p
Characterization of nPANI.
<p>(A) The scanning electron microscope image of nPANI. Scale bar is 500 nm. (B) UV-vis absorption spectra of nPANI aqueous solutions at pH 2.0, pH 7.0, and pH 12.0. Ultra DI-water was used as a background solution. (C) FTIR spectrum of nPANI. KBr was used as a background.</p
Comparison of five clinical risk factors and the proteomic ratio LG3BP/C163A.
<p>Comparison of five clinical risk factors and the proteomic ratio LG3BP/C163A.</p