Extended high-harmonic spectra through a cascade resonance in confined quantum systems

The study of high-harmonic generation in confined quantum systems is vital to establishing a complete physical picture of harmonic generation from atoms and molecules to bulk solids. Based on a multilevel approach, we demonstrate how intraband resonances significantly influence the harmonic spectra via charge pumping to the higher subbands and thus redefine the cutoff laws. As a proof of principle, we consider the interaction of graphene nanoribbons, with zigzag as well as armchair terminations, and resonant fields polarized along the cross-ribbon direction. Here, this effect is particularly prominent due to many nearly equiseparated energy levels. In such a scenario, a cascade resonance effect can take place in high-harmonic generation when the field strength is above a critical threshold, which is completely different from the harmonic generation mechanism of atoms, molecules, and bulk solids. We further discuss the implications not only for other systems in a nanoribbon geometry, but also systems where only a few subbands (energy levels) meet this frequency-matching condition by considering a generalized multilevel Hamiltonian. Our study highlights that cascade resonance has a fundamentally distinct influence on the laws of harmonic generation, specifically the cutoff laws based on laser duration, field strength, and wavelength, thus unraveling additional insights in solid-state high-harmonic generation

Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in calpain3 (CAPN3) gene with carcass traits in chickens

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study is to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of chicken <it>Calpain3 </it>(<it>CAPN3</it>) gene and to analyze the potential association between <it>CAPN3 </it>gene polymorphisms and carcass traits in chickens. We screened <it>CAPN3 </it>single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 307 meat-type quality chicken from 5 commercial pure lines (S01, S02, S03, S05, and D99) and 4 native breeds from Guangdong Province (Huiyang Huxu chicken and Qingyuan Ma chicken) and Sichuan Province (Caoke chicken and Shandi Black-bone chicken), China.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two SNPs (11818T>A and 12814T>G) were detected by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method and were verified by DNA sequencing. Association analysis showed that the 12814T>G genotypes were significantly associated with body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), breast muscle weight (BMW), and leg muscle weight (LMW). Haplotypes constructed on the two SNPs (H1, TG; H2, TT; H3, AG; and H4, AT) were associated with BW, CW (<it>P </it>< 0.05), eviscerated percentage (EP), semi-eviscerated percentage (SEP), breast muscle percentage (BMP), and leg muscle percentage (LMP) (<it>P </it>< 0.01). Diplotype H1H2 was dominant for BW, CW, and LMP, and H2H2 was dominant for EP, SEP, and BMP.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We speculated that the <it>CAPN3 </it>gene was a major gene affecting chicken muscle growth and carcass traits or it was linked with the major gene(s). Diplotypes H1H2 and H2H2 might be advantageous for carcass traits.</p

Linear scaling of lepton charge asymmetry in W±W^\pm production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions

The lepton charge asymmetry in $W^\pm$ production in the nuclear collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV is investigated with a parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE. Recently published ALICE and the ATLAS data of lepton charge asymmetry are well reproduced. An interesting linear scaling behavior is observed in the lepton charge asymmetry as a function of the collision system valence quark number asymmetry among the different size of nuclear collision systems at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV. This linear scaling behavior may serve as an additional constraint on the PDF (nPDF) extractions.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2201.0952

Identification and validation of aging-related genes and their classification models based on myelodysplastic syndromes

Background: Myelodysplastic syndrome is a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with both myelodysplastic problems and hematopoietic disorders. The greatest risk factor for the development of MDS is advanced age, and aging causes dysregulation and decreased function of the immune and hematopoietic systems. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain to be explored. Therefore, we explore the association between MDS and aging genes through a classification model and use bioinformatics analysis tools to explore the relationship between MDS aging subtypes and the immune microenvironment. Methods: The dataset of MDS in the paper was obtained from the GEO database, and aging-related genes were taken from HAGR. Specific genes were screened by three machine learning algorithms. Then, artificial neural network (ANN) models and Nomogram models were developed to validate the effectiveness of the methods. Finally, aging subtypes were established, and the correlation between MDS and the immune microenvironment was analyzed using bioinformatics analysis tools. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and single cell analysis were also added to validate the consistency of the result analysis. Results: Seven core genes associated with ARG were screened by differential analysis, enrichment analysis and machine learning algorithms for accurate diagnosis of MDS. Subsequently, two subtypes of senescent expressions were identified based on ARG, illustrating that different subtypes have different biological and immune functions. The cell clustering results obtained from manual annotation were validated using single cell analysis, and the expression of 7 pivotal genes in MDS was verified by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Discussion: The findings demonstrate a key role of senescence in the immunological milieu of MDS, giving new insights into MDS pathogenesis and potential treatments. The findings also show that aging plays an important function in the immunological microenvironment of MDS, giving new insights into the pathogenesis of MDS and possible immunotherapy

Reduced tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing a Capsicum annuum multiprotein bridging factor 1

BACKGROUND: The pepper fruit is the second most consumed vegetable worldwide. However, low temperature affects the vegetative development and reproduction of the pepper, resulting in economic losses. To identify cold-related genes regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) in pepper seedlings, cDNA representational difference analysis was previously performed using a suppression subtractive hybridization method. One of the genes cloned from the subtraction was homologous to Solanum tuberosum MBF1 (StMBF1) encoding the coactivator multiprotein bridging factor 1. Here, we have characterized this StMBF1 homolog (named CaMBF1) from Capsicum annuum and investigated its role in abiotic stress tolerance. RESULTS: Tissue expression profile analysis using quantitative RT-PCR showed that CaMBF1 was expressed in all tested tissues, and high-level expression was detected in the flowers and seeds. The expression of CaMBF1 in pepper seedlings was dramatically suppressed by exogenously supplied salicylic acid, high salt, osmotic and heavy metal stresses. Constitutive overexpression of CaMBF1 in Arabidopsis aggravated the visible symptoms of leaf damage and the electrolyte leakage of cell damage caused by cold stress in seedlings. Furthermore, the expression of RD29A, ERD15, KIN1, and RD22 in the transgenic plants was lower than that in the wild-type plants. On the other hand, seed germination, cotyledon greening and lateral root formation were more severely influenced by salt stress in transgenic lines compared with wild-type plants, indicating that CaMBF1-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants were hypersensitive to salt stress. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of CaMBF1 in Arabidopsis displayed reduced tolerance to cold and high salt stress during seed germination and post-germination stages. CaMBF1 transgenic Arabidopsis may reduce stress tolerance by downregulating stress-responsive genes to aggravate the leaf damage caused by cold stress. CaMBF1 may be useful for genetic engineering of novel pepper cultivars in the future