Reconstructing Semantics of Scientific Models: A Case Study

Details of group items by cluster in VOSviewer. (DOCX 21 kb

The logistic model fitting curves of growth trends of DM and T cells publications.

<p>(A) Global; (B)United States; (C)Canada; (D)China.</p

Publication trends of research on diabetes mellitus and T cells (1997–2016): A 20-year bibliometric study

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a huge burden for human health. Recent studies show the close relationship between DM and T cells. We investigated the trend in DM and T cells research.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Using the Web of Science database, we searched the publications on DM and T cells in 1997–2016, and studied the source data using bibliometric methodology. Excel 2016, GraphPad Prism 5, and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the publication trend in DM and T cells research.</p><p>Results</p><p>We found a total of 1077 publications with 38109 citations up to January 23, 2017. The highest contribution came from the United States, with 48.38% of the publications, 61.44% of the citations and the highest H-index (74). China had the 5th place for total publications, but ranked 11th both for citation frequency (604) and H-index (13). The inflection point of the global DM and T cells publications was in 2000. Journal of Immunology published the most related articles (164). Santamaria P. was the leading scholar in this field with the most publications (35). The keywords “regulatory T cell” and “autoimmune diabetes” were mentioned more than 300 times. Furthermore, type 2 (T2)DM, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) and obesity are becoming popular research topics in this field.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The quantity of publications on DM and T cells grew rapidly around year 2000, but has relatively decreased recently. The United States had the leading position in global research. There was a discrepancy between productivity and quality of publications from China. Latest progress is most likely first published by the Journal of Immunology. Santamaria P., Roep B.O. and Peakman M. were the pioneer scholars in this field. Most researchers have focused on “regulatory T cell” and “autoimmune diabetes” research. In future, T2DM, TIM and obesity may be the popular areas.</p></div

Top 10 authors with the most publications related to DM and T cells research.

<p>Top 10 authors with the most publications related to DM and T cells research.</p

The analysis of keywords.

<p>(A) Mapping of the keywords in DM and T cells research. The words were divided into 3 groups according to different colors generated by default; (B) Distribution of keywords according to their time of appearance. The blue color means early appearance and red colored keywords appeared later. Two keywords co-occur if they both occur on the same line in the corpus file. The smaller the distance between two keywords, the larger the number of co-occurrences of the keywords.</p

Demonstration of the retrieval process.

<p>The process of retrieval and exclusion criteria.</p

Analysis of the top 245 references.

<p>Mapping of the top 245 co-cited references of 1077 publications on DM and T cells research. Due to the large number of cited references, only publications that were cited more than 20 times (N = 245) were included for analysis. (Note: The line between two points in the figure represents that both publications were cited in one publication. The thicker the line, the closer the link between the two publications).</p

Basic Study for Ultrasound-Based Navigation for Pedicle Screw Insertion Using Transmission and Backscattered Methods

<div><p>The purpose of this study was to understand the acoustic properties of human vertebral cancellous bone and to study the feasibility of ultrasound-based navigation for posterior pedicle screw fixation in spinal fusion surgery. Fourteen human vertebral specimens were disarticulated from seven un-embalmed cadavers (four males, three females, 73.14 ± 9.87 years, two specimens from each cadaver). Seven specimens were used to measure the transmission, including tests of attenuation and phase velocity, while the other seven specimens were used for backscattered measurements to inspect the depth of penetration and A-Mode signals. Five pairs of unfocused broadband ultrasonic transducers were used for the detection, with center frequencies of 0.5 MHz, 1 MHz, 1.5 MHz, 2.25 MHz, and 3.5 MHz. As a result, good and stable results were documented. With increased frequency, the attenuation increased (<i>P</i><0.05), stability of the speed of sound improved (<i>P</i><0.05), and penetration distance decreased (<i>P</i>>0.05). At about 0.6 cm away from the cortical bone, warning signals were easily observed from the backscattered measurements. In conclusion, the ultrasonic system proved to be an effective, moveable, and real-time imaging navigation system. However, how ultrasonic navigation will benefit pedicle screw insertion in spinal surgery needs to be determined. Therefore, ultrasound-guided pedicle screw implantation is theoretically effective and promising.</p></div

Experimental Systems.

<p>An acoustic water bath was used to measure the speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation, and backscatter coefficients. The ultrasonic system for transmission and backscattering measurements is shown in (A) and (B) respectively.</p

Relationship Between Attenuation and Frequency.

<p>(A) Reference signal(dashed line) and signal transmitted through bone(solid line) for the 1.5-MHz center-frequency transducer pair on specimen 1. (B) Relationship between attenuation and frequency for the 1.5-MHz center-frequency transducer pair on specimen 1. (C) Relationship between attenuation and frequency for 5 transducer pairs on 7 specimens.</p