43,475 research outputs found
Giant enhanced optical nonlinearity of colloidal nanocrystals with a graded-index host
The effective linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of metallic
colloidal crystal immersed in a graded-index host fluid are investigated
theoretically. The local electric fields are extracted self-consistently based
on the layer-to-layer interactions, which are readily given by the Lekner
summation method. The resultant optical absorption and nonlinearity enhancement
show a series of sharp peaks, which merge in a broadened resonant band. The
sharp peaks become a continuous band for increasing packing density and number
of layers. We believe that the sharp peaks arise from the in-plane dipolar
interactions and the surface plasmon resonance, whereas the continuous band is
due to the presence of the gradient in the host refractive index. These results
have not been observed in homogeneous and randomly-dispersed colloids, and thus
would be of great interest in optical nanomaterial engineering.Comment: Submitted to Applied Physics Letter
Tunable Localization and Oscillation of Coupled Plasmon Waves in Graded Plasmonic Chains
The localization (confinement) of coupled plasmon modes, named as gradons,
has been studied in metal nanoparticle chains immersed in a graded dielectric
host. We exploited the time evolution of various initial wavepackets formed by
the linear combination of the coupled modes. We found an important interplay
between the localization of plasmonic gradons and the oscillation in such
graded plasmonic chains. Unlike in optical superlattices, gradient cannot
always lead to Bloch oscillations, which can only occur for wavepackets
consisting of particular types of gradons. Moreover, the wavepackets will
undergo different forms of oscillations. The correspondence can be applied to
design a variety of optical devices by steering among various oscillations.Comment: Sumitted to Journal of Applied Physic
Heavy quark spin symmetric molecular states from and other coupled channels in the light of the recent LHCb pentaquarks
We consider the states, together with and other coupled channels, and take an interaction consistent with heavy
quark spin symmetry, with the dynamical input obtained from an extension of the
local hidden gauge approach. By fitting only one parameter to the recent three
pentaquark states reported by the LHCb collaboration, we can reproduce the
three of them in base to the mass and the width, providing for them the quantum
numbers and approximate molecular structure as ,
, and , and isospin
. We find another state around 4374 MeV, of
structure, for which indications appear in the experimental spectrum. Two other
near degenerate states of and nature are also found around 4520 MeV, which although less clear,
are not incompatible with the observed spectrum. In addition, a state at the same energy appears, which however does not couple
to in wave, and hence it is not expected to show up in the LHCb
experiment.Comment: 8 page
Dispersion and transitions of dipolar plasmon modes in graded plasmonic waveguides
Coupled plasmon modes are studied in graded plasmonic waveguides, which are
periodic chains of metallic nanoparticles embedded in a host with gradually
varying refractive indices. We identify three types of localized modes called
"light", "heavy", and "light-heavy" plasmonic gradons outside the passband,
according to various degrees of localization. We also demonstrate new
transitions among extended and localized modes when the interparticle
separation is smaller than a critical , whereas the three types of
localized modes occur for , with no extended modes. The transitions can
be explained with phase diagrams constructed for the lossless metallic systems.Comment: Preliminary results have been presented at ETOPIM 7. Submitted to
Appl. Phys. Let
Factorization and Unitarity in Superstring Theory
The overall coefficient of the two-loop 4-particle amplitude in superstring
theory is determined by making use of the factorization and unitarity. To
accomplish this we computed in detail all the relevant tree and one-loop
amplitudes involved and determined their overall coefficients in a consistent
way.Comment: LaTex file, 19 pages, 4 figures; v2, minor corrections and figures
corrected; v3, minor corrections with the English, to be published in JHE
RIDGE SUBDUCTION IN THE HISTORY OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT: EVIDENCE AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF AN ACCRETIONARY OROGEN
Cenozoic ridge subduction and the resultant slab windows have been well documented worldwide [Sisson et al., 2003], especially along the western margins of North and South America [Thorkelson, Taylor, 1989]. The principal characteristics of ridge subduction, which can be used to recognise the process in ancient orogens, include: intrusion of ridge-generated magmas into a forearc in a near-trench position [Marshak, Karig, 1977]; this can be regarded as the hallmark of ridge subduction.Cenozoic ridge subduction and the resultant slab windows have been well documented worldwide [Sisson et al., 2003], especially along the western margins of North and South America [Thorkelson, Taylor, 1989]. The principal characteristics of ridge subduction, which can be used to recognise the process in ancient orogens, include: intrusion of ridge-generated magmas into a forearc in a near-trench position [Marshak, Karig, 1977]; this can be regarded as the hallmark of ridge subduction
Quantal Density Functional Theory of Degenerate States
The treatment of degenerate states within Kohn-Sham density functional theory
(KS-DFT) is a problem of longstanding interest. We propose a solution to this
mapping from the interacting degenerate system to that of the noninteracting
fermion model whereby the equivalent density and energy are obtained via the
unifying physical framework of quantal density functional theory (Q-DFT). We
describe the Q-DFT of \textit{both} ground and excited degenerate states, and
for the cases of \textit{both} pure state and ensemble v-representable
densities. This then further provides a rigorous physical interpretation of the
density and bidensity energy functionals, and of their functional derivatives,
of the corresponding KS-DFT. We conclude with examples of the mappings within
Q-DFT.Comment: 10 pages. minor changes made. to appear in PR
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