Effects of cross-linking of rice protein with ferulic acid on digestion and absorption of ferulic acid

Though rice proteins have been applied to improve the stability of phenolic compounds, it is unclear how rice proteins affect phenolic acid’s digestion and bioavailability. This study investigated the consequences of protein-ferulic acid interactions in the gastrointestinal environment. Ferulic acid and rice proteins formed complexes at room temperature, both with and without laccase. Rice protein was reported to be able to prevent ferulic acid from degrading in simulated oral fluid and remain stable in gastrointestinal fluids. With the hydrolysis of pepsin and pancreatin, rice protein-ferulic acid complexes degraded and released ferulic acid. While digested ferulic acid’s DPPH scavenging activity was dramatically reduced, it was retained for the rice protein-ferulic acid complex. Moreover, the permeability coefficient of ferulic acid was not affected. Thus, rice protein is a promising food matrix to protect ferulic acid in the digestive tract and maintain the antioxidant functions of ferulic acid.</p

In Situ Generated HypoIodite Activator for the C2 Sulfonylation of Heteroaromatic <i>N</i>‑oxides

A mild approach for direct C2 sulfonylation of heteroaromatic <i>N</i>-oxides with sulfonyl hydrazides affording 2-sulfonyl quinolines/pyridines has been developed. A variety of heteroaromatic <i>N</i>-oxides and sulfonyl hydrazides participate effectively in this transformation which uses hypoiodites (generated in situ from NaI and TBHP) as a means of substrate activators. In this reaction, the <i>N</i>-oxide plays a dual role, acting as a traceless directing group as well as a source of oxygen atom

Photoclickable Dendritic Molecular Glue: Noncovalent-to-Covalent Photochemical Transformation of Protein Hybrids

A water-soluble dendron with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorescent label and bearing nine pendant guanidinium ion (Gu⁺)/benzophenone (BP) pairs at its periphery (Glue^BP-FITC) serves as a “photoclickable molecular glue”. By multivalent salt-bridge formation between Gu⁺ ions and oxyanions, Glue^BP-FITC temporarily adheres to a kinesin/microtubule hybrid. Upon subsequent exposure to UV light, this noncovalent binding is made permanent via a cross-linking reaction mediated by carbon radicals derived from the photoexcited BP units. This temporal-to-permanent transformation by light occurs quickly and efficiently in this preorganized state, allowing the movements of microtubules on a kinesin-coated glass plate to be photochemically controlled. A fundamental difference between such temporal and permanent bindings was visualized by the use of “optical tweezers”

Venn diagram of annotation results against Nr, SwissProt, COG and KEGG databases.

<p>The number in each color block indicates the number of unigenes that is annotated by single or multiple databases.</p

Data_Sheet_1_SPEEK Membrane of Ultrahigh Stability Enhanced by Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery.docx

<p>Proton exchange membrane is the key factor of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) as their stability largely determine the lifetime of the VRB. In this study, a SPEEK/MWCNTs-OH composite membrane with ultrahigh stability is constructed by blending sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes toward VRB application. The carbon nanotubes disperse homogeneously in the SPEEK matrix with the assistance of hydroxyl group. The blended membrane exhibits 94.2 and 73.0% capacity retention after 100 and 500 cycles, respectively in a VRB single cell with coulombic efficiency of over 99.4% at 60 mA cm⁻² indicating outstanding capability of reducing the permeability of vanadium ions and enhancing the transport of protons. The ultrahigh stability and low cost of the composite membrane make it a competent candidate for the next generation larger-scale vanadium redox flow battery.</p

Frequency of classified repeat types of SSRs.

<p>Frequency of classified repeat types of SSRs.</p

Statistics of the assembled transcripts and unigenes.

<p>Statistics of the assembled transcripts and unigenes.</p

Comparison of <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i> unigenes to <i>Danio rerio</i> orthologous coding sequences.

<p>(A) The ratio of <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i> unigene length to <i>Danio rerio</i> ortholog length was plotted against <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i> unigene coverage depth. (B) The total percentage of <i>Danio rerio</i> ortholog coding sequence covered by all <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i> unigenes.</p

Top-hit species distribution for sequences from <i>Trachinotus ovatus</i> submitted BLASTX against the NCBI-Nr database.

<p>Only fish species were present in this study.</p

Characteristics of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci.

<p>Ho, observed heterozygosity; HE, expected heterozygosity; PHWE, Hardy-Weinberg probability; PIC, polymorphic information content.</p><p>Characteristics of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci.</p