Datasheet1_Femoral neck system vs. cannulated screws on treating femoral neck fracture: a meta-analysis and system review.docx

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aimed to compare the relative safety and efficacy of cannulated compression screw (CCS) and femoral neck system (FNS) in treating patients with femoral neck fractures and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for FNS in treating femoral neck fractures.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched to collect outcomes related to femoral neck fractures treated with FNS and CCS, including time to fracture healing, incidence of non-union, incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, incidence of failure of internal fixation, rate of femoral neck shortening, Harris hip score, Barthel index, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, and complications. A meta-analysis was performed using RevManv5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration) and Stata v14.0 software.ResultsThis analysis included 21 studies involving 1,347 patients. The results showed that FNS was superior to CCS in terms of fracture healing time [mean difference (MD) = −0.75, 95% CI = (−1.04, −0.46), P  0.05], Harris hip score [MD = 3.31, 95% CI = (1.99, 4.63), P ConclusionFNS treatment of femoral neck fracture can shorten the fracture healing time; reduce the incidence and translucent rate of bone non-union, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and internal fixation failure; reduce intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications; and improve hip joint function and activity. We are confident in the findings that FNS, an effective and safe procedure for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, is superior to CCS.</p

Effects of CO₂ and Seawater Acidification on the Early Stages of <i>Saccharina japonica</i> Development

In this paper, we demonstrated that ocean acidification (OA) had significant negative effects on the microscopic development of <i>Saccharina japonica</i> in a short-term exposure experiment under a range of light conditions. Under elevated CO₂, the alga showed a significant reduction in meiospore germination, fecundity, and reproductive success. Larger female and male gametophytes were noted to occur under high CO₂ conditions and high light magnified these positive effects. Under conditions of low light combined with high <i>P</i>_CO₂, the differentiation of gametophytes was delayed until the end of the experiment. In contrast, gametophytes were able to survive after having been subjected to a long-term acclimation period, of 105 days. Although the elevated <i>P</i>_CO₂ resulted in a significant increase in sporophyte length, the biomass abundance (expressed as individual density attached to the seed fiber) was reduced significantly. Further stress resistance experiments showed that, although the acidified samples had lower resistance to high light and high temperature conditions, they displayed higher acclimation to CO₂-saturated seawater conditions compared with the control groups. These combined results indicate that OA has a severe negative effect on <i>S. japonica</i>, which may result in future shifts in species dominance and community structure

Long-Term Experiment on Physiological Responses to Synergetic Effects of Ocean Acidification and Photoperiod in the Antarctic Sea Ice Algae <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp. ICE‑L

Studies on ocean acidification have mostly been based on short-term experiments of low latitude with few investigations of the long-term influence on sea ice communities. Here, the combined effects of ocean acidification and photoperiod on the physiological response of the Antarctic sea ice microalgae <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp. ICE-L were examined. There was a general increase in growth, PSII photosynthetic parameters, and N and P uptake in continuous light, compared to those exposed to regular dark and light cycles. Elevated pCO₂ showed no consistent effect on growth rate (<i>p</i> = 0.8) and N uptake (<i>p</i> = 0.38) during exponential phrase, depending on the photoperiod but had a positive effect on PSII photosynthetic capacity and P uptake. Continuous dark reduced growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake. Moreover, intracellular lipid, mainly in the form of PUFA, was consumed at 80% and 63% in low and high pCO₂ in darkness. However, long-term culture under high pCO₂ gave a more significant inhibition of growth and <i>F</i>_v/<i>F</i>_m to high light stress. In summary, ocean acidification may have significant effects on <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp. ICE-L survival in polar winter. The current study contributes to an understanding of how a sea ice algae-based community may respond to global climate change at high latitudes

Optimum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective PS II quantum yield (Y II) in <i>U. prolifera</i> under different forms and intensities of stress:

<p>(A) desiccation for different durations up to 5 h, (B) different salt concentrations for 3 h, (C) different light intensities for 3 h, (D) different temperatures for 3 h.</p

Longitudinal and transverse section view of <i>U. prolifera</i>.

<p>A, Transmission electron microscopy of transverse section. EX, external of cavity; IN, inner of cavity. Bar, 5 µm. B, Longitudinal and transverse section view with an optical microscope. TS, transverse section; LS, longitudinal section. Bar, 20 µm.</p

Interactions between <i>U. prolifera</i> and <i>G. lichvoides</i> in fresh thalli batch co-culture experiment.

<p>A) Growth-inhibition effects, B) Photosynthetic effects. Values (means ± SD) in bars that have the same letter are not significantly different (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p

Phylogenetic analysis of <i>rbc</i>L and PPDK.

<p>The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method using Mega (version 4.0). Bootstrap analysis was computed with 1000 replicates and bootstrap values below 50% were omitted. C₃–C₄ refers to species that possessed the genes for both C₃ and C₄ photosynthesis with C₃ photosynthesis being the primary pathway. (A) Phylogenetic analysis of <i>rbc</i>L. GenBank accession numbers of the sequences used for constructing the phylogenetic tree of <i>rbc</i>L were as follows: <i>Ulva prolifera</i> (FJ042888), <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i> (YP_874498), <i>Flaveria bidentis</i> (ADW80649), <i>Flaveria trinervia</i> (ADW80661), <i>Flaveria pringlei</i> (ADW80648), <i>Zea mays</i> (NP_043033), <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (ABK79504), <i>Oryza sativa</i> (CAG34174), <i>Saccharum officinarum</i> (YP_054639), <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (AAB68400), <i>Volvox carteri</i> (ACY06055), <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (ACJ50136), <i>Ostreococcus tauri</i> (YP_717262), <i>Ectocarpus siliculosus</i> (CBH31935), <i>Populus tremula</i> (CAD12560), and <i>Eleocharis vivipara</i> (CAQ53780). (B) Phylogenetic analysis of PPDK. GenBank accession numbers of the sequences used for constructing the phylogenetic tree of PPDK were as follows: <i>Ulva prolifera</i> (JN936854), <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i> (XP_002290738), <i>Flaveria bidentis</i> (AAA86941), <i>Flaveria trinervia</i> (CAA55703), <i>Flaveria pringlei</i> (CAA53223), <i>Zea mays</i> (ADC32810), <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (AAP23874), <i>Oryza sativa</i> (CAA06247), <i>Saccharum officinarum</i> (AAF06668), <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (AEE83621), <i>Volvox carteri</i> (XP_002955807), <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (XP_001702572), <i>Ostreococcus tauri</i> (XP_003075283), <i>Ectocarpus siliculosus</i> (CBN74442), <i>Populus tremula</i> (CAX83740), and <i>Eleocharis vivipara</i> (BAA21654).</p

Interactions between the fresh thalli of <i>U. prolifera</i> and <i>G. lichvoides</i> in semi-continuous cultivation.

<p>A) Growth-inhibition effects, B) Photosynthetic effects. Values (means ± SD) in bars that have the same letter are not significantly different (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p

Activity of RuBP carboxylase and PPDK in <i>U. prolifera</i> exposed to different forms and intensities of stress:

<p>(A) desiccation for different durations up to 5 h, (B) different salt concentrations for 3 h, (C) different light intensities for 3 h, (D) different temperatures for 3 h.</p

Changes of pH values with culture time in the fresh thalli co-culture.

<p>Changes of pH values with culture time in the fresh thalli co-culture.</p