Modular matrices from universal wave function overlaps in Gutzwiller-projected parton wave functions

We implement the universal wave function overlap (UWFO) method to extract modular $S$ and $T$ matrices for topological orders in Gutzwiller-projected parton wave functions (GPWFs). The modular $S$ and $T$ matrices generate a projective representation of $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ on the degenerate-ground-state Hilbert space on a torus and may fully characterize the 2+1D topological orders, i.e. the quasi-particle statistics and chiral central charge (up to $E_8$ bosonic quantum Hall states). We used the variational Monte Carlo method to computed the $S$ and $T$ matrices of the chiral spin liquid (CSL) constructed by the GPWF on the square lattice, and confirm that the CSL carries the same topological order as the $\nu=\frac{1}{2}$ bosonic Laughlin state. We find that the non-universal exponents in UWFO can be small and direct numerical computation is able to be applied on relatively large systems. We also discuss the UWFO method for GPWFs on other Bravais lattices in two and three dimensions by using the Monte Carlo method. UWFO may be a powerful method to calculate the topological order in GPWFs.Comment: 5 pages with 3 figure

Scalar Boundary Conditions in Hyperscaling Violating Geometry

We study the possible boundary conditions of scalar field modes in a hyperscaling violation(HV) geometry with Lifshitz dynamical exponent $z (z\geqslant1)$ and hyperscaling violation exponent $\theta (\theta\neq0)$. For the case with $\theta>0$, we show that in the parameter range with $1\leq z\leq 2,~-z+d-12,~-z+d-1<\theta\leq d-1$, the boundary conditions have different types, including the Neumann, Dirichlet and Robin conditions, while in the range with $\theta\leq-z+d-1$, only Dirichlet type condition can be set. In particular, we further confirm that the mass of the scalar field does not play any role in determining the possible boundary conditions for $\theta>0$, which has been addressed in Ref. \cite{1201.1905}. Meanwhile, we also do the parallel investigation in the case with $\theta<0$. We find that for $m^2<0$, three types of boundary conditions are available, but for $m^2>0$, only one type is available.Comment: 19 page

Entanglement Entropy as a Probe of the Proximity Effect in Holographic Superconductors

We study the entanglement entropy as a probe of the proximity effect of a superconducting system by using the gauge/gravity duality in a fully back-reacted gravity system. While the entanglement entropy in the superconducting phase is less than the entanglement entropy in the normal phase, we find that near the contact interface of the superconducting to normal phase the entanglement entropy has a different behavior due to the leakage of Cooper pairs to the normal phase. We verify this behavior by calculating the conductivity near the boundary interface.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, extended version to be published in JHE