The 4-adic complexity of quaternary sequences with low autocorrelation and high linear complexity

Recently, Jiang et al. proposed several new classes of quaternary sequences with low autocorrelation and high linear complexity by using the inverse Gray mapping (JAMC, \textbf{69} (2023): 689--706). In this paper, we estimate the 4-adic complexity of these quaternary sequences. Our results show that these sequences have large 4-adic complexity to resist the attack of the rational approximation algorithm

Spatially and Temporally Complete Satellite Soil Moisture Data Based on a Data Assimilation Method

Multiple soil moisture products have been generated from data acquired by satellite. However, these satellite soil moisture products are not spatially or temporally complete, primarily due to track changes, radio-frequency interference, dense vegetation, and frozen soil. These deficiencies limit the application of soil moisture in land surface process simulation, climatic modeling, and global change research. To fill the gaps and generate spatially and temporally complete soil moisture data, a data assimilation algorithm is proposed in this study. A soil moisture model is used to simulate soil moisture over time, and the shuffled complex evolution optimization method, developed at the University of Arizona, is used to estimate the control variables of the soil moisture model from good-quality satellite soil moisture data covering one year, so that the temporal behavior of the modeled soil moisture reaches the best agreement with the good-quality satellite soil moisture data. Soil moisture time series were then reconstructed by the soil moisture model according to the optimal values of the control variables. To analyze its performance, the data assimilation algorithm was applied to a daily soil moisture product derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), the Microwave Radiometer Imager (MWRI), and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2). Preliminary analysis using soil moisture data simulated by the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) Noah model and soil moisture measurements at a multi-scale Soil Moisture and Temperature Monitoring Network on the central Tibetan Plateau (CTP-SMTMN) was performed to validate this method. The results show that the data assimilation algorithm can efficiently reconstruct spatially and temporally complete soil moisture time series. The reconstructed soil moisture data are consistent with the spatial precipitation distribution and have strong positive correlations with the values simulated by the GLDAS Noah model over large areas of the region. Compared to the soil moisture measurements at the medium and large networks, the reconstructed soil moisture data have almost the same accuracy as the soil moisture product derived from AMSR-E/MWRI/AMSR2 for ascending and descending orbits

Digital Predistortion for Spectrum Compliance in the Internet of Things

Many different wireless personal communication technologies including Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, even LTE-M, can connect Internet of Things (IoT) products, such as personal electronics or industrial machine sensors. However, the nonlinearity and linear distortion produced by RF power amplifiers (PAs) will degrade the quality of transmitted signals. In this article, based on an inverse autoregressive moving-average (IM-ARMA) model, we applied a method of digital predistortion (DPD) to linearize the RF PAs for several typical protocols in the IoT

Daily High-Resolution Land Surface Freeze/Thaw Detection Using Sentinel-1 and AMSR2 Data

High-resolution surface freeze/thaw (F/T) information is valuable for hydrological, frost creep and gelifluction/solifluction, and climate prediction studies. Currently, large-scale, high-resolution F/T detection is restricted by low spatial resolution of passive microwave remote sensing sensors or low temporal resolution of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. In this study, we propose a new method for detecting daily land surface F/T state at 1 km spatial resolution by combining the Sentinel-1 radar and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) with leaf area index (LAI) data. A non-linear relationship is established between the 1 km F/T index from Sentinel-1 with 1 km F/T index from AMSR2 (FTI) and 1 km LAI data. The 1 km FTI is a disaggregation of the 25 km FTI obtained from AMSR2. This non-linear relationship is then applied to daily 1 km FTI and LAI data to predict the 1 km daily F/T index, based on which the F/T status is detected with grid-cell-based F/T thresholds. The overall accuracy of this daily 1 km F/T is more than 88.1% when evaluated with the in situ 5 cm soil temperature over China and Canada. This study is valuable for detecting daily, high-resolution F/T status and is helpful for studies related to disaster and climate prediction

Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and evaluate the diagnostic value of Metagenomic Next‐Generation Sequencing (mNGS). A total of 44 patients diagnosed with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia using mNGS were retrospectively analysed. The demographic and clinical features, laboratory data, imaging findings and clinical outcomes were collected. Results showed that 65.91% of the patients had a history of exposure to poultry or birds. All patients presented with fever. Apart from systemic and respiratory symptoms, some patients also presented with digestive and neurological symptoms. Respiratory failure was common among patients. The key laboratory tests were normal white blood cell counts, slightly elevated PCT, changes in levels of cardiac enzymes, liver enzymes and hyponatremia. Chest imaging revealed that most of the lesions contained patchy exudation or lobar consolidation of one lobe, especially in the lower lobe. Consolidation of both lungs was seen in critically ill patients. Although quinolones were effective in most patients, tetracyclines should be the first choice of treatment. The overall prognosis was good; however, patients who developed severe pneumonia had poor prognosis. The incidence of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia may be underestimated due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations and lack of confirmatory testing methods. The use of mNGS has increased the number of patients diagnosed with chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. mNGS is an effective diagnostic method for chlamydia psittaci pneumonia

Suppressor of rid1 (SID1) shares common targets with RID1 on florigen genes to initiate floral transition in rice

<div><p>The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. Previously, we cloned <i>Rice Indeterminate 1</i> (<i>RID1</i>), which acts as the master switch for the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase in rice. Although the photoperiod pathway of <i>RID1</i> inducing expression of the florigen genes <i>Hd3a</i> and <i>RFT1</i> via <i>Ehd1</i> has been established, the alternative pathways for the essential flowering transition need to be further examined. Here, we identified a <i>Suppressor</i> of <i>rid1</i> (<i>SID1</i>), which rescues the never-flowering phenotype of <i>rid1</i>. <i>SID1</i> encodes an INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) transcription factor. Mutation in <i>SID1</i> showed the delayed flowering phenotype. Gain-of-function of <i>SID1</i>, <i>OsIDD1</i>, or <i>OsIDD6</i> could restore the <i>rid1</i> to flowering. Further analyses showed SID1 and RID1 directly target the promoter regions of <i>Hd3a</i> and <i>RFT1</i>, two florigen genes in rice. Taken together, our results reveal an autonomous flowering pathway might be mediated by <i>RID1</i>, thereby controlling the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive development in rice.</p></div

Overexpressing of <i>Hd3a</i> and <i>Ehd1</i> in <i>rid1</i> plants.

<p>(A) Expression analyses of <i>Hd3a</i> in <i>p35S</i>::<i>Hd3a</i> transgenic plants. Three independent transformed lines were analyzed. <i>rid1</i> served as the negative control. (B) <i>Hd3a</i>, driven by the <i>CaMV 35S</i> promoter (<i>p35S</i>::<i>Hd3a</i>), rescued the never-flowering phenotype of <i>rid1</i> and heading at seedling stage (T0 plants, <i>n</i> = 40). Top insets show magnifications of the panicles surrounded by dashed lines. Scale bar, 2 cm. (C) Expression analyses of <i>Ehd1</i> in <i>pUBQ</i>::<i>Ehd1</i> transgenic plants. Three independent transformed lines were analyzed. <i>rid1</i> was used as a negative control. (D) Overexpression of <i>Ehd1</i> in <i>rid1</i> (<i>pUBQ</i>::<i>Ehd1</i>) could not reverse the never-flowering phenotype of <i>rid1</i> (T0 plants, <i>n</i> = 80). All plants were grown under natural-long-day conditions. Scale bar, 15 cm.</p

<i>RID1</i> directly bind to the promoter regions of <i>Hd3a</i> and <i>RFT1</i>.

<p>(A) Gel shift assays of His and His-RID1 recombinant proteins interacting with promoter region of <i>Hd3a</i> and <i>RFT1</i>. <i>Escherichia coli</i>–produced recombinant RID1 protein were incubated with biotin-labeled <i>Hd3a</i> and <i>RFT1</i> in the absence or presence of 100- or 500-fold molar excess of the unlabeled probes as competitor for the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) reaction and analyzed by electrophoresis. The fragment with mutated core cis-element served as the negative control. (B) ChIP analysis of transgenic plants expressing RID1-FLAG-HA fusion protein. Nuclei from RID1-FLAG-HA transgenic plants’ leaves were immune precipitated by anti-HA. The precipitated chromatin fragments were analyzed by qPCR using four primer sets amplifying <i>Hd3a</i> and <i>RFT1</i> regions (I, II, III, and IV), as indicated in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006642#pgen.1006642.g007" target="_blank">Fig 7A</a>. The input (without antibody precipitation) chromatin was analyzed and used as the control. The ChIP experiments were repeated two times using independent biological replicates with similar results, and one representative data set is shown.</p

Characterization of <i>sid1-D</i>, a dominant genetic suppressor of <i>rid1</i>.

<p>(A) Transcript analyses of <i>RID1</i> in transgenic flowering lines carrying <i>pUBQ</i>::<i>RID1</i> in <i>rid1</i> background (lanes 1 to 7). Note that no transcript of <i>RID1</i> was detected in line 4 (renamed as <i>sid1-D</i>). <i>rid1</i> served as the negative control, and <i>GAPDH</i> gene served as an internal control. <i>KAN</i> amplified from <i>Kanamycin</i> gene indicated the T-DNA insertion. <i>pUBQ</i>, maize <i>Ubiquitin</i> promoter. (B) Phenotypic comparison of ZH11 (control), <i>rid1</i>, and <i>sid1-D</i> plants at the heading stage. Scale bar, 15 cm. (C) Flowering times of ZH11, <i>rid1</i>, and <i>sid1-D</i> under the indicated day length conditions (<i>n</i> = 10). NLD, natural-long-day; SD, short-day; LD, long-day conditions.</p