208 research outputs found
Deep-learning assisted reduced order model for high-dimensional flow prediction from sparse data
The reconstruction and prediction of full-state flows from sparse data are of
great scientific and engineering significance yet remain challenging,
especially in applications where data are sparse and/or subjected to noise. To
this end, this study proposes a deep-learning assisted non-intrusive reduced
order model (named DCDMD) for high-dimensional flow prediction from sparse
data. Based on the compressed sensing (CS)-Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD),
the DCDMD model is distinguished by two novelties. Firstly, a sparse matrix is
defined to overcome the strict random distribution condition of sensor
locations in CS, thus allowing flexible sensor deployments and requiring very
few sensors. Secondly, a deep-learning-based proxy is invoked to acquire
coherent flow modes from the sparse data of high-dimensional flows, thereby
addressing the issue of defining sparsity and the stringent incoherence
condition in the conventional CSDMD. The two advantageous features, combined
with the fact that the model retains flow physics in the online stage, lead to
significant enhancements in accuracy and efficiency, as well as superior
insensitivity to data noises (i.e., robustness), in both reconstruction and
prediction of full-state flows. These are demonstrated by three benchmark
examples, i.e., cylinder wake, weekly-mean sea surface temperature and
isotropic turbulence in a periodic square area.Comment: 36 Pages, 23 Figures, 5 Table
What do we know about multidimensional poverty in China: its dynamics, causes, and implications for sustainability
Poverty is a primary obstacle to achieving sustainable development. Therefore, exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics and causes of poverty is of great significance to the sustainable poverty reduction of the “post poverty alleviation era” in China. This paper used the multisource big data of 2022 counties in China from 2000 to 2015 to establish a comprehensive evaluation framework to explore the multidimensional poverty situation in China. The results showed the following findings: There is an obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity of multidimensional poverty, showing a typical stair-like gradient from high in the west to low in the east, with the poverty level in state-designated poverty counties higher and intensifying over time. The spatial differentiation of multidimensional poverty is contributed to by multiple factors, in which the geographical condition has a stronger impact on state-designated poverty counties, while natural endowment and human resources have a stronger effect on non-state-designated poverty counties. These things considered, the regional poverty causes were relatively stable before 2015, but the poverty spatial agglomeration of some regions in the Northwest, Northeast, and Yangtze River Economic Belt has undergone significant changes after 2015. These findings can help policymakers better target plans to eliminate various types of poverty in different regions
Variational Metric Scaling for Metric-Based Meta-Learning
Metric-based meta-learning has attracted a lot of attention due to its
effectiveness and efficiency in few-shot learning. Recent studies show that
metric scaling plays a crucial role in the performance of metric-based
meta-learning algorithms. However, there still lacks a principled method for
learning the metric scaling parameter automatically. In this paper, we recast
metric-based meta-learning from a Bayesian perspective and develop a
variational metric scaling framework for learning a proper metric scaling
parameter. Firstly, we propose a stochastic variational method to learn a
single global scaling parameter. To better fit the embedding space to a given
data distribution, we extend our method to learn a dimensional scaling vector
to transform the embedding space. Furthermore, to learn task-specific
embeddings, we generate task-dependent dimensional scaling vectors with
amortized variational inference. Our method is end-to-end without any
pre-training and can be used as a simple plug-and-play module for existing
metric-based meta-algorithms. Experiments on mini-ImageNet show that our
methods can be used to consistently improve the performance of existing
metric-based meta-algorithms including prototypical networks and TADAM. The
source code can be downloaded from
https://github.com/jiaxinchen666/variational-scaling.Comment: AAAI202
Spokewise iridotomy combined with Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome
PurposeIridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a progressive anterior segment disorder that can be tricky to treat. Keratoplasty is commonly used to treat corneal edema in ICE syndrome. However, glaucoma is an important risk factor affecting graft survival. To address this question, we designed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effect of Spokewise Iridotomy (SI) on Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) Grafts in Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) Syndrome.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 29 patients were included; 31 eyes with ICE syndrome underwent DSAEK at Peking University Third Hospital between June 2015 and June 2022, including 11 eyes with combined SI during DSAEK. The aim was to explore the effect of SI on vision, glaucoma control, complications, peripheral anterior synechiae recurrence, endothelial cell count, and graft survival.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 30.83 months (mo.) in the SI+Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK) group and 6.17 mo in the EK group. The 2-year cumulative survival rate of grafts in the SI+EK group was 100%, compared with the 6-month and 1-year cumulative survival rates of 80.2 and 63.2%, respectively, in the EK group (p = 0.043). The SI+EK group had a lower incidence of immediate postoperative complications (p = 0.005), fewer postoperative anti-glaucoma medications (AGMs) (p = 0.029), smaller peripheral anterior synechiae recurrence (p = 0.001), and significant visual acuity improvement (p < 0.05). More AGMs were used in failed grafts (p = 0.002).ConclusionSI can help control intraocular pressure, improve visual acuity, and increase graft survival after DSAEK in ICE syndrome patients
A Study of Pulsation properties of 57 Non-Blazhko effect ab-type RR Lyrae stars with homogeneous metallicities from the LAMOST-Kepler/K2 survey
Homogeneous metallicities and continuous high-precision light curves play key
roles in studying the pulsation properties of RR Lyrae stars. By cross-matching
with LAMOST DR6, we have determined 7 and 50 Non-Blazhko RRab stars in the
Kepler and K2 fields, respectively, who have homogeneous metallicities
determined from low-resolution spectra of the LAMOST-Kepler/K2 project. The
Fourier Decomposition method is applied to the light curves of these stars
provided by the Kepler space based telescope to determine the fundamental
pulsation periods and the pulsation parameters. The calculated amplitude ratios
of R21, R31 and the phase differences of {\phi}21, {\phi}31 are consistent with
the parameters of the RRab stars in both the Globular Clusters and the Large
Magellanic Cloud. We find a linear relationship between the phase differences
{\phi}21 and {\phi}31, which is in good agreement with the results in previous
literature. As far as the amplitude, we find that the amplitude of primary
frequency A1 and the total amplitude Atot follow either a cubic or linear
relationship. For the rise time RT, we do not find its relevance with the
period of the fundamental pulsation mode P1, or Atot and {\phi}21. However, it
might follow a linear relationship with R31. Based on the homogeneous
metallicities, we have derived a new calibration formula for the relationship
of period-{\phi}31-[Fe/H], which agrees well with the previous studies
Dysnatremia is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality within 365 days post-discharge in patients with atrial fibrillation without heart failure: A prospective cohort study
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum sodium concentrations at hospital admission and all-cause mortality within 365 days post-discharge in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) without heart failure (HF). Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 1,446 patients with AF without HF between November 2018 and October 2020. A follow-up was performed 30, 90, 180, and 365 days after enrollment through outpatient visits or telephone interviews. All-cause mortality was estimated in three groups according to serum sodium concentrations: hyponatremia ( \u3c 135 mmol/L), normonatremia (135 – 145 mmol/L), and hypernatremia ( \u3e 145 mmol/L). We estimated the risk of all-cause mortalities using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with normonatremia as the reference. Results: The all-cause mortalities of hyponatremia, normonatremia, and hypernatremia were 20.6, 9.4, and 33.3 % within 365 days post-discharge, respectively. In the univariable analysis, hyponatremia (HR: 2.19, CI 1.5 – 3.2) and hypernatremia (HR: 4.03, CI 2.32 – 7.02) increased the risk of all-cause mortality. The HRs for hyponatremia and hypernatremia were 1.55 (CI 1.05 – 2.28) and 2.55 (CI 1.45 – 4.46) after adjustment for age, diabetes mellitus, loop diuretics, antisterone, antiplatelet drugs, and anticoagulants in the patients with AF without HF. The association between serum sodium concentrations and the HRs of all-cause mortality was U-shaped. Conclusion: Dysnatremia at hospital admission was an independent factor for all-cause mortality in patients with AF without HF within 365 days post-discharge
Mirror protected Dirac fermions on a Weyl semimetal NbP surface
The first Weyl semimetal was recently discovered in the NbP class of
compounds. Although the topology of these novel materials has been identified,
the surface properties are not yet fully understood. By means of scanning
tunneling spectroscopy, we find that NbPs (001) surface hosts a pair of Dirac
cones protected by mirror symmetry. Through our high resolution spectroscopic
measurements, we resolve the quantum interference patterns arising from these
novel Dirac fermions, and reveal their electronic structure, including the
linear dispersions. Our data, in agreement with our theoretical calculations,
uncover further interesting features of the Weyl semimetal NbPs already exotic
surface. Moreover, we discuss the similarities and distinctions between the
Dirac fermions here and those in topological crystalline insulators in terms of
symmetry protection and topology
Characteristics and outcomes of heart failure with recovered left ventricular ejection fraction
Aims
There is an emerging interest in elucidating the natural history and prognosis for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in whom left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) subsequently improves. The characteristics and outcomes were compared between heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) and persistent HFrEF.
Methods and results
This is a retrospective study of adults who underwent at least two echocardiograms 3 months apart between 1 November 2015 and 31 October 2019 with an initial diagnosis of HFrEF. The subjects were divided into HFrecEF group (second LVEF > 40%, ≥10% absolute improvement in LVEF) and persistent HFrEF group (20% subgroups. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and rehospitalization. A total of 1160 HFrEF patients were included [70.2% male, mean (standard deviation) age: 62 ± 13 years]. On the second echocardiogram, 284 patients (24.5%) showed HFrecEF and 876 patients (75.5%) showed persistent HFrEF. All-cause mortality was identified in 23 (8.10%) HFrecEF and 165 (18.84%) persistent HFrEF, whilst 76 (26.76%) and 426 (48.63%) showed rehospitalizations, respectively. Survival analysis showed that the persistent HFrEF subgroup experienced a significantly higher mortality at 12 and 24 months and a higher hospitalization at 12, 24, 48, and more than 48 months following discharge. Multivariate Cox regression showed that persistent HFrEF had a higher risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–3.56, P = 0.000] and rehospitalization (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.45–2.36, P = 0.000) than the HFrecEF group. Subgroup analysis showed that the LVEF ≥ 20% improvement subgroup had lower rates of adverse outcomes compared with those with less improvement of 10–20%.
Conclusions
Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction is a distinct HF phenotype with better clinical outcomes compared with those with persistent HFrEF. HFrecEF patients have a relatively better short-term mortality at 24Â months but not thereafter
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