Ups-fucoidan inhibits tumor metastasis to peripheral lymph nodes <i>in vivo</i>.

<p>Twenty-four 615 mice were equally assigned to four groups. (A) Axillary lymph nodes from mice treated with heparin, NS or Ups-fucoidan. (B) Average weights of the axillary lymph nodes from mice in each test group. (C) Axillary lymph nodes from mice treated with NS or Ups-fucoidan following inoculation with Hca-F cells (H.E staining). Notes indicate that the tissue structures of lymphatic metastasis of Hca-F cells were obscure, however, the normal lymphocyte were obvious and the cell nucleus were stained by blue (×400 magnification). (D) Relative metastasis rate was calculated by counted the metastatic Hca-F cells and normal lymphocyte. There were fewer (<i>p</i><0.01) metastatic Hca-F cells in treated groups than in control group. **<i>p</i><0.01 compared with control (One-way ANOVA).</p

Ups-fucoidan inhibits Hca-F cell proliferation.

<p>(A) Concentration- and time-dependent effect of Ups-fucoidan on Hca-F cell growth <i>in vitro</i> measured with MTT assay. (B) Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression were significantly decreased following Ups-fucoidan treatment. Values in red denote the relative expression quantity of each protein compare with GAPDH, respectively. (C) The cell death rate (<i>D</i>%) was counted and calculated by trypan blue staining. There is not statistically significant between Ups-fucoidan treatment and control group. Data are the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *<i>p</i><0.05 and **<i>p</i><0.01 compared with untreated control (One-way ANOVA).</p

Western blot and ELISA were used to evaluate the inactivation of related signaling pathways.

<p>(A), (B) Western blots results showed that the expression of VEGFR-3, c-MET, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-ERK1/2, and NF-κB were downregulated following Ups-fucoidan treatment, and ERK1/2 was upregulated. Values in red denote the relative expression quantity of the each protein compare with GAPDH, respectively. (C) ELISA demonstrating significantly lower the expression quantity of VEGF-C and HGF following Ups-fucoidan treatment compared to the control. Data are the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *<i>p</i><0.05 and **<i>p</i><0.01 compared with control (One-way ANOVA).</p

DataSheet1_Analysis of heavy metals in the conversion of lake sediment and restaurant waste by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens).xlsx

The risk posed by heavy metals makes it difficult to dispose of sediment contaminants from dredging lakes in China. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) can convert organic waste, such as restaurant waste and lake sediment, to high-value-added protein feed and fertilizer. Experimental groups were formed in this study to explore the conversion of heavy metals present in the mixture of restaurant waste and lake sediment by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). The results demonstrated that BSFL could survive in pure sediment with an 84.76% survival rate. Relative to the substrate, BSFL could accumulate 70-90% zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and 20-40% cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The experimental group 2:3, with 40% lake sediment and 60% restaurant waste, was the best group after conversion for 15 days, which showed a 95.24% survival rate of BFSL, 82.20 mg average weight of BFSL, 8.92 mm average length of BFSL, with varying content of heavy metals such as Cu (43.22 mg/kg), Zn (193.31 mg/kg), Cd (1.58 mg/kg), Cr (25.30 mg/kg) Cr, and Pb (38.59 mg/kg) in BSFL. Furthermore, the conversion residue conforms to the relevant standards of organic fertilizer in China and can be used as organic fertilizer. Overall, the present study shows that black soldier flies can improve the resource utilization of lake sediment, especially by reducing the effect of heavy metals.</p