PO-123 Voluntary wheel training attenuate brain aging in SAMP8 mice

Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The pathological hallmarks including the deposition of senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD. The underlying molecular mechanisms for AD are not fully understood. Studies have shown that exercise as an economical and popular fitness method, long-term exercise can reduce the risk of AD, delay the occurrence of AD or delay the progression of AD. This study was to investigate the protective effect of the Voluntary wheel on cerebral cortex senescence in SAMP8 mice. Methods Fifteen SPF-class 7-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into control group (CON), voluntary wheel group (V) and voluntary wheel with chloroquine group (VQ), with 5 mice in each group. Each group was under adaptive feeding for one week. After 3 days of adaptive voluntary wheel training for V and VQ groups, the experiment officially started. The V and VQ groups performed an 8-week voluntary wheel training and the VQ group received a daily intraperitoneal injection of chloroquine (40 mg/kg). After 8 weeks intervention, the Morris water maze test was used to determine the changes in spatial learning and memory ability of each group. After 24 hours of the end of this experiment, the mice were killed by breaking neck. The degree of hippocampal cell injury was detected by Nissl staining; the expression of apoptosis and senescence-associated protein in the cerebral cortex was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the CON group, the escape latency of the V group mice in the Morris water maze test was significantly shorter (P<0.01), the number of crossing target quadrants was significantly increased (P<0.05), however, the VQ group exacerbate above response compared with CON group. Nissl staining showed that the cells of cerebral cortex  in the CON group had obvious damage, while the V group showed significant improvement. The VQ group had a significant damage compared with the V group; Western blot results showed that the expression of AD -like pathological changes such as BACE1 protein in the cortex of group V was significantly decreased, and the expression of P-GSK-3β protein was increased (P<0.01) compared with CON group. On the contrary, compared with V group, VQ  alleviated the improvement effect of  voluntary running. (P<0.05); the expression of apoptosis-related protein increased, and thedecreased in CON group , while voluntary running intervention down-regulated BAX, Cleaved-caspase3 , increased the Bcl-2 protein level compared with the CON group (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with the CON group, the expression level of aging-related protein AC-P53 was decreased in the V group, and the expression level of Sirt1 was increased.  Conclusions The 8-week voluntary wheel training can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of SAMP8. Mechanismly, voluntary wheel training can improve the senescence of cerebral cortex by inhibiting cell apoptosis, the expression of AD –like pathological protein and increasing Sirt1 protein level

OR-031 Mechanism of free-wheeling exercise attenuating muscle atrophy in SAMP8 mice

Objective Muscle atrophy is a decrease in the volume and number of skeletal muscle cells, decreased muscle strength, and increased connective tissue and fat as the patient ages, and clinical symptoms syndrome characterized by decreased physical function, falls, weakness, and varying degrees of disability. It is estimated that approximately 5-13% of the elderly over the age of 60 are affected by muscle atrophy. Studies have shown that increased myocyte apoptosis and decreased levels of autophagy are involved in the development of muscle atrophy. At present, appropriate exercise has been considered as an economical and convenient way to reduce muscle atrophy, delay aging, and activate autophagy. The molecular mechanism remains to be further studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of 8-week free-wheeling exercise on muscle atrophy in rapid aging model SAMP8 mice, in order to provide a theoretical basis for exercise training to improve muscle atrophy and inhibit apoptosis. Methods Twenty-four SAMP8 male mice of 7-month-old SPF were randomly divided into control group (Con), exercise group (V), and exercise combined with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine group (VQ), with 8 rats in each group. The Con group was fed routinely without any intervention for a total of 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the gastrocnemius muscle tissue was taken immediately. The apoptosis of skeletal muscle and the expression of aging-related proteins were detected by Western-blot. Test indicators include BAX, Ac-p53, p21, and p16. All experimental data were analyzed by statistical software and showed significant differences at P < 0.05. Results Western-blot results showed that compared with the Con group, the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAX and aging-related proteins AC-P53, p16, and p21 were significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of the V group (P<0.01). In the VQ group, the protein expression of BAX was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the protein expression of AC-P53, p16 and p21 also increased (P<0.01). Conclusions The above Western-blot results indicate that free-wheeling exercise significantly inhibits skeletal muscle cell apoptosis in aged mice and reduces muscle atrophy.At the same time, under the action of free-wheeling exercise combined with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, the apoptosis-related protein and aging-related protein increased abnormally, suggesting that free-running movement may inhibit apoptosis and delay muscle atrophy by activating autophagy. Further research is needed

Resveratrol as a Natural Autophagy Regulator for Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders over the age of 65 years old. Although several underlying mechanisms for explaining the pathogenesis of AD are elucidated, the effective supplements or drugs for the intervention of AD are still limited. Recently, impaired autophagy associated with miRNA dysfunction has been reported to involve in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the activation of autophagy through effectively regulating miRNAs may become a potential target for the prevention or treatment of AD. Mounting evidence from in vitro and in vivo AD models has demonstrated that resveratrol, one of polyphenolic compounds, can exert neuroprotective role in neurodegenerative diseases especially AD. In this review, the regulation of miRNAs and autophagy using resveratrol during the prevention and treatment of AD are systematically discussed, which will be beneficial to establish a target for the direct link between pharmacological intervention and AD in the future

Physical Activity Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction of Alzheimer’s Disease through Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common aging-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders, and can result in great suffering for a large portion of the aged population. Although the pathogenesis of AD is being elucidated, the exact mechanisms are still unclear, thereby impeding the development of effective drugs, supplements, and other interventional strategies for AD. In recent years, impaired autophagy associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction has been reported to be involved in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, miRNA-mediated regulation for the functional status of autophagy may become one of the potent interventional strategies for AD. Mounting evidence from in vivo AD models has demonstrated that physical activity can exert a neuroprotective role in AD. In addition, autophagy is strictly regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway. In this article, the regulation of the functional status of autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway during physical activity is systematically discussed for the prevention and treatment of AD. This concept will be beneficial to developing novel and effective targets that can create a direct link between pharmacological intervention and AD in the future

MicroRNA-Regulated Proinflammatory Cytokines in Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia has been defined as the aging-related disease with the declined mass, strength, and function of skeletal muscle, which is the major cause of frailty and falls in elders. The activation of inflammatory signal pathways due to diseases and aging is suggested to reveal the critical impact on sarcopenia. Several proinflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), play crucial roles in modulation of inflammatory signaling pathway during the aging-related loss of skeletal muscle. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as the important regulators for the mass and functional maintenance of skeletal muscle through regulating gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we have systematically discussed regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs for the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines during sarcopenia, which will provide some novel targets and therapeutic strategies for controlling aging-related atrophy of skeletal muscle and corresponding chronic inflammatory diseases

Nutraceutical or Pharmacological Potential of Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera), which belongs to the Moringaceae family, is a perennial deciduous tropical tree, and native to the south of the Himalayan Mountains in northern India. M. oleifera is rich in proteins, vitamin A, minerals, essential amino acids, antioxidants, and flavonoids, as well as isothiocyanates. The extracts from M. oleifera exhibit multiple nutraceutical or pharmacological functions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and blood lipid-reducing functions. The beneficial functions of M. oleifera are strongly associated with its phytochemicals such as flavonoids or isothiocyanates with bioactivity. In this review, we summarize the research progress related to the bioactivity and pharmacological mechanisms of M. oleifera in the prevention and treatment of a series of chronic diseases—including inflammatory diseases, neuro-dysfunctional diseases, diabetes, and cancers—which will provide a reference for its potential application in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases or health promotion

Predictive Analysis of the Pro-Environmental Behaviour of College Students Using a Decision-Tree Model

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has hindered the achievement of the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Pro-environmental behaviour contributes to the achievement of the SDGs, and UNESCO considers college students as major contributors. There is a scarcity of research on college student pro-environmental behaviour and even less on the use of decision trees to predict pro-environmental behaviour. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the validity of applying a modified C5.0 decision-tree model to predict college student pro-environmental behaviour and to determine which variables can be used as predictors of such behaviour. To address these questions, 334 university students in Guangdong Province, China, completed a questionnaire that consisted of seven parts: the Perceived Behavioural Control Scale, the Social Identity Scale, the Innovative Behaviour Scale, the Sense of Place Scale, the Subjective Norms Scale, the Environmental Activism Scale, and the willingness to behave in an environmentally responsible manner scale. A modified C5.0 decision-tree model was also used to make predictions. The results showed that the main predictor variables for pro-environmental behaviour were willingness to behave in an environmentally responsible manner, innovative behaviour, and perceived behavioural control. The importance of willingness to behave in an environmentally responsible manner was 0.1562, the importance of innovative behaviour was 0.1404, and the perceived behavioural control was 0.1322. Secondly, there are 63.88% of those with high pro-environmental behaviour. Therefore, we conclude that the decision tree model is valid in predicting the pro-environmental behaviour of college student. The predictor variables for pro-environmental behaviour were, in order of importance: Willingness to behave in an environmentally responsible manner, Environmental Activism, Subjective Norms, Sense of Place, Innovative Behaviour, Social Identity, and Perceived Behavioural Control. This study establishes a link between machine learning and pro-environmental behaviour and broadens understanding of pro-environmental behaviour. It provides a research support with improving people’s sustainable development philosophy and behaviour