Effect of Coffee Consumption on the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

<div><p>Background and Objectives</p><p>Results from observational epidemiologic studies on the relationship between coffee consumption and gastric cancer are inconsistent and inconclusive. To assess the association between coffee consumption and the risk of gastric cancer, we summarized evidence from prospective cohort studies.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Relevant studies were retrieved through computer searches (PubMed, EmBase and the Cochrane Library) and a review of references up to December 2014. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. We used a meta-analytic approach to estimate overall hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for regular coffee drinkers versus individuals who seldom drank coffee. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to assess the reliability of our results. A dose–response analysis was performed to assess the risk of gastric cancer based on the level of coffee consumption.</p><p>Results</p><p>Nine prospective cohort studies involving 1,250,825 participants and 3027 gastric cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR of gastric cancer for the study-specific regularly versus seldom coffee drinking categories was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.25) with significant heterogeneity across studies (I² = 74.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.000). After the sensitivity analysis, three studies were deleted; however the association remained insignificant (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.08). Subgroup analysis by anatomic location showed a risk for coffee consumption associated with cardia cancer (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.45; heterogeneity, I² = 36.4, <i>P</i> = 0.207). In the dose–response analysis, there was no significant association between coffee intake (in cups) and the risk of gastric cancer (<i>P</i> for linearity trend and non-linearity > 0.05).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our meta-analysis demonstrated that coffee consumption was not associated with overall gastric cancer risk; however, coffee consumption may be a risk factor for gastric cardia cancer.</p></div

Fabrication of nanodiamonds/polyaniline nanocomposite for bilirubin adsorption in hemoperfusion

Carbon-based nanomaterials have been explored as effective adsorbents to remove bilirubin in hemoperfusion therapy. However, developing carbon-based absorbents with both high adsorption capacity and good hemocompatibility remains a challenge in clinical applications. In this study, an efficient adsorbent for bilirubin removal was fabricated by grafting polyaniline (PANI) onto nanodiamonds (NDs). The nanocomposite ND-PANI had negligible effect on the hemolytic activity, confirming its excellent blood compatibility. The adsorption results revealed that the ND-PANI had high adsorption capacities (947 mg/g) and rapid adsorption rate toward bilirubin. Moreover, it exhibited efficient bilirubin adsorption in bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution, indicating its potential for practical application. Additionally, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were systematically analyzed and modeled, thereby offering insights into the possible adsorption mechanism. Our findings suggest that the ND-PANI could be used as an efficient sorbent for the bilirubin removal, offering a promising avenue for blood purification application.</p

Main characteristics of included studies.

<p>*Study quality was judged on the basis of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (1–9 stars).</p><p>^#estimated using data available in the article.</p><p>In the study by Sanikini et al, cohort-wide quartiles for levels of coffee consumption were computed after excluding non-consumers, and cut-off points (ml) for coffee quartiles were 131, 310 and 556.</p><p>Main characteristics of included studies.</p

Forest plot of the 9 studies included in the meta analysis.

<p>A forest plot for the study-specific regularly versus seldom coffee drinking categories, showing the association between coffee consumption and the risk of gastric cancer.</p

Funnel plot.

<p>Begg’s funnel plot with 95% confidence limits assessing publication bias for the association between coffee consumption and the risk of gastric cancer.</p

A flowchart identifying the studies that were included in the meta-analysis.

<p>A flowchart identifying the studies that were included in the meta-analysis.</p