266 research outputs found
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΠ (Ρ 1922 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ)
Π―Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ². Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (Π’.Π. ΠΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π²Π°, Π.Π. ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎ, Π.Π₯. Π€Π°ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½), Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ (Ρ 1922 ΠΏΠΎ 1949 Π³.) - ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ (Ρ 1949 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ) - ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΠΠ .As a multi-ethnic country, China is concerned with the protection and reservation of the rights and
freedoms of ethnic minorities. The rights of ethnic minorities to self-determination are guaranteed in China through
the establishment of ethnic regional autonomies, which corresponds to Chinaβs domestic strategic interests. Chinaβs ethnic policy is aimed at maintaining political stability and the countryβs territorial integrity, at achieving the integration of Chinese society and the harmonious development of ethnic relations. The object of research is the problem of enforcement of the right to national self-determination in the Chinese Communist Partyβs theory and policy. The research methodology is represented with historical, structural and functional, systemic approaches, and the analysis of literature sources.
The historiography of the research is represented with the books by the Chinese and Russian scholars
(T.V. Lazareva, V.A. Manko, M.Kh. Farukshin) considering different views on the development of ethnic regional
autonomy and self-government principles. In China, the enforcement of the right to self-determination by ethnic minorities is divided into two stages.
The establishment of the right to self-determination was the first stage (from 1922 to 1949), and the process of
improving the system of regional ethnic autonomy has been the second stage (from 1949 to the present). The
system of regional ethnic autonomy in China is an effective way to solve ethnic problems
Bronchoscopic ethanol injection combined with cryotherapy is an effective treatment for benign airway stenosis caused by endotracheal intubation or tracheotomyc
The benign tracheal stenosis is a challenge in interventional pulmonary disease. Bronchoscopic ethanol injection (BEI) is always used in airway stenosis caused by malignant tracheal tumor. The efficacy and safety of BEI in benign airway stenosis has not been studied before. To compare the safety and efficacy between bronchoscopic icryotherapy and BEI combined with bronchoscopic cryotherapy in the treatment of benign tracheal stenosis. A retrospective study included 61 patients with tracheal stenosis caused by endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy from July 2010 to June 2015 was made. 33 patients received repeated bronchoscopic cryotherapy alone were in Group A, 29 patients underwent repeated cryotherapy combined with BEI were in Group B. Dyspnea index, tracheal diameter were collected before and after treatment. Efficacy and complications were compared in two groups. The changes of tracheal diameter, dyspnea index were significant before and after treatment in both groups (P < 0.05). The long-term cure rate was higher in group B than that in group A (100% vs 84.8%). The average duration for dilated airway stable was much shorter in group B than group A (166Β±28 days vs 278Β±32 days, P < 0.05). The average cryotherapy session performed in group B was significantly less than that in group A (22.1Β±4.7 vs 34.9Β±6.5, P < 0.05). Meanwhile the complications in group A were seldom, the incidence of complications related to BEI were low in group B (mild chest pain 7.1%, bleeding 3.6% and cough 10.7%). BEI combined with bronchoscopic cryotherapy is an effective minimally invasive choice for releasing the airway obstructive symptoms
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