Double Sandwich Polyoxometalate and Its Fe(III) Substituted Derivative, [As₂Fe₅Mo₂₁O₈₂]^17– and [As₂Fe₆Mo₂₀O₈₀(H₂O)₂]^16–

A double sandwich polyoxometalate and its Fe­(III) substituted derivative, [As₂Fe₅Mo₂₁O₈₂]^17– (<b>1</b>) and [As₂Fe₆Mo₂₀O₈₀(H₂O)₂]^16– (<b>2</b>), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, UV spectra, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry analyses, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and magnetism measurements. The polyoxoanion is composed of a central fragment FeMo₇O₂₈ for <b>1</b> (Fe₂Mo₆O₂₆(H₂O)₂ for <b>2</b>) and two external AsMo₇O₂₇ fragments linked together by two distinct edge-sharing dimeric clusters Fe₂O₁₀ to lead to a <i>C</i>_2<i>v</i> molecular symmetry. The central FeMo₇O₂₈ fragment and external AsMo₇O₂₇ fragment have a similar structure, and both of them can be viewed as a monocapped hexavacant α-Keggin subunit with a central FeO₄ group or a central AsO₃ group. Both of the polyoxoanions contain a oxo-bridged Fe^III₅ magnetic core with the angles of Fe–O–Fe in the range of 96.4(4)–125.7(5)°, and magnetism measurements show an overall ferromagnetic interactions among the five-nuclearity cluster Fe₅ with the spin ground state <i>S</i> = 15/2

Double Sandwich Polyoxometalate and Its Fe(III) Substituted Derivative, [As₂Fe₅Mo₂₁O₈₂]^17– and [As₂Fe₆Mo₂₀O₈₀(H₂O)₂]^16–

A double sandwich polyoxometalate and its Fe­(III) substituted derivative, [As₂Fe₅Mo₂₁O₈₂]^17– (<b>1</b>) and [As₂Fe₆Mo₂₀O₈₀(H₂O)₂]^16– (<b>2</b>), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, UV spectra, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry analyses, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and magnetism measurements. The polyoxoanion is composed of a central fragment FeMo₇O₂₈ for <b>1</b> (Fe₂Mo₆O₂₆(H₂O)₂ for <b>2</b>) and two external AsMo₇O₂₇ fragments linked together by two distinct edge-sharing dimeric clusters Fe₂O₁₀ to lead to a <i>C</i>_2<i>v</i> molecular symmetry. The central FeMo₇O₂₈ fragment and external AsMo₇O₂₇ fragment have a similar structure, and both of them can be viewed as a monocapped hexavacant α-Keggin subunit with a central FeO₄ group or a central AsO₃ group. Both of the polyoxoanions contain a oxo-bridged Fe^III₅ magnetic core with the angles of Fe–O–Fe in the range of 96.4(4)–125.7(5)°, and magnetism measurements show an overall ferromagnetic interactions among the five-nuclearity cluster Fe₅ with the spin ground state <i>S</i> = 15/2

Double Sandwich Polyoxometalate and Its Fe(III) Substituted Derivative, [As₂Fe₅Mo₂₁O₈₂]^17– and [As₂Fe₆Mo₂₀O₈₀(H₂O)₂]^16–

A double sandwich polyoxometalate and its Fe­(III) substituted derivative, [As₂Fe₅Mo₂₁O₈₂]^17– (<b>1</b>) and [As₂Fe₆Mo₂₀O₈₀(H₂O)₂]^16– (<b>2</b>), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, UV spectra, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry analyses, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and magnetism measurements. The polyoxoanion is composed of a central fragment FeMo₇O₂₈ for <b>1</b> (Fe₂Mo₆O₂₆(H₂O)₂ for <b>2</b>) and two external AsMo₇O₂₇ fragments linked together by two distinct edge-sharing dimeric clusters Fe₂O₁₀ to lead to a <i>C</i>_2<i>v</i> molecular symmetry. The central FeMo₇O₂₈ fragment and external AsMo₇O₂₇ fragment have a similar structure, and both of them can be viewed as a monocapped hexavacant α-Keggin subunit with a central FeO₄ group or a central AsO₃ group. Both of the polyoxoanions contain a oxo-bridged Fe^III₅ magnetic core with the angles of Fe–O–Fe in the range of 96.4(4)–125.7(5)°, and magnetism measurements show an overall ferromagnetic interactions among the five-nuclearity cluster Fe₅ with the spin ground state <i>S</i> = 15/2

454 data summary.

a<p>OTU was equal to bacterial species level according to 97% sequence identity.</p>b<p>Bacterial diversity Index.</p><p>454 data summary.</p

Bacterial genera comparison of blood samples between the CHC (<i>N</i> = 12) and control (<i>N</i> = 9) groups.

<p>(A) <i>Pseudomonas</i>; (B) <i>Delftia</i>; (C) <i>Sphingomonas</i>; (D) <i>Micrococcus</i>.</p

The protein expression of duodenal Fpn1.

<p>CHC (<i>N</i> = 15) and Control (<i>N</i> = 12). The protein expression of duodenal Fpn1 determined by immunohistochemistry (A), and Western blot (B), respectively. (C) Quantification of protein levels by Western blot in the two groups. *<i>P</i><0.05 relative to control group.</p

The expression of hepcidin in the liver.

<p>CHC (<i>N</i> = 15) and Control (<i>N</i> = 12). (A) mRNA levels of hepcidin determined by qPCR. (B) The protein expression of prohepcidin determined by immunohistochemistry. *<i>P</i><0.05 relative to control group.</p

Iron concentrations in serum, and iron localization in the liver.

<p>CHC (<i>N</i> = 15) and Control (<i>N</i> = 12). (A) Serum levels of iron. (B) Iron in liver sections with Prussian blue staining. (C) Total iron score. *<i>P</i><0.05 relative to control group.</p

Identification of 14 dominant bacterial species and their abundance distribution in CHC and control groups.

#<p>Relative abundance given by mean ± SE.</p><p>***<i>P</i> = <0.001 (t-test).</p><p>Identification of 14 dominant bacterial species and their abundance distribution in CHC and control groups.</p

Identification of Environmental Factors Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Southwestern Highland Region of China: A Nested Case-Control Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>The aim of this study was to examine environmental factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Yunnan Province, a southwestern highland region of China.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In this nested case-control study, newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) cases in 2 cities in Yunnan Province and Crohn’s disease (CD) cases in 16 cities in Yunnan Province were recruited between 2008 and 2013. Controls were matched by geography, sex and age at a ratio of 1:4. Data were collected using the designed questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs).</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 678 UC and 102 CD cases were recruited. For UC, various factors were associated with an increased risk of developing UC: dietary habits, including frequent irregular meal times; consumption of fried foods, salty foods and frozen dinners; childhood factors, including intestinal infectious diseases and frequent use of antibiotics; and other factors, such as mental labor, high work stress, use of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and allergies (OR > 1, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Other factors showed a protective effect: such as consumption of fruits, current smoking, physical activity, and drinking tea (OR < 1, <i>p</i> < 0.05). For CD, appendectomy and irregular meal times increased the disease risk (OR >1, <i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas physical activity may have reduced this risk (OR < 1, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study is the first nested case-control study to analyze the association between environmental factors and IBD onset in a southwestern highland region of China. Certain dietary habits, lifestyles, allergies and childhood factors may play important roles in IBD, particularly UC.</p></div