Research on the effect of entrepreneurial preparedness on resource acquisition-- a mediation mechanism based on cognitive legitimacy

The acquisition of external resources in the process of entrepreneurship is not only significant to the survival and development of start-ups, but also a challenging task. Under the trend of "Linguistic Turn" in the field of social science, the role of narrative in the entrepreneurial process has attracted more and more attention and research, especially the acquisition of external resources. This paper discusses the effect of entrepreneurial preparedness on resource acquisition, and examines the mediating mechanism of cognitive legitimacy. In this paper, the narratives of 18 entrepreneurs from a business reality show is selected as the research samples. The results show that entrepreneurial preparedness has a significant positive influence on cognitive legitimacy ,and cognitive legitimacy has a significant positive relation on resource acquisition; also the relationship between entrepreneurial preparedness and resources acquisition pass the significance test and there is intermediary mechanism of cognitive legitimacy between entrepreneurial preparedness and resource acquisition. Key words: entrepreneurial preparedness, resource acquisition, cognitive legitimacy, new ventur

Research on Environmental Crowdfunding Projects Based on Narrative Persuasion Theory

Creating a compelling narrative is critical for crowdfunding projects to convince potential supporters to support it. This paper is trying to introduce narrative persuasion theory to the study of environmental crowdfunding projects. We discuss the mechanism of the narrative persuasion on attitude, and study the influence of the narrative on the support of crowdfunding projects through an experiment. Research results show that the narrative have a positive impact on the attitudes of potential supporters towards environmental crowdfunding projects by mechanisms  of narrative understanding, attention focus, narrative presence and emotional engagement. Keywords: Crowdfunding, Narrative persuasion, Narrative engagement, Attitud

PO-127 Research progresses of exercise intervention methods in non- alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective This review summarizes the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Discuss The main differences of intervention methods, intervention time, and intervention effects among the NAFLD people, To explore the targeting and dose-response relationship of different exercise models intervention in NAFLD.  Methods This paper uses the keywords such as Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NAFLD, NASH, NAFLD and aerobic training, aerobic exercise, resistance training, resistance exercise, high-intensity interval training, high-intensity interval exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, HIAT, HIIT, HIT, etc to search in the web of science、Pubmed database, the deadline is March 1, 2018. Inclusion criteria: (1) study design: randomized controlled trials; (2) study questions: effects of exercise on hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD; (3) type of exercise: AE, RE, and HIIT; (4) subjects: biochemical examination liver biopsy or ultrasound examination includes a combination of abdominal imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging of the NAFLD population. Exclusion criteria: (1) non-original studies (2) meeting abstracts (3) did not provide sufficient experimental data (4) animal experiments (5) non-English literature. The search results showed that a total of 16 studies reported the effects of exercise on NAFLD populations.  Results (1) AE, RE and HIIT can reduce hepatic steatosis and improve liver histology in NAFLD people, but their intervention effects are different. AE stands out in reduce body weight,decreases insulin resistance (IR); RE stands out in reduce hepatic fat and increases muscle strength; HIIT has a significant effect in reducing hepatic fat and enhancing cardiovascular fitness. (2) the frequency, duration, and intervention period of AE and RE are similar; achieve the same or better intervention effect, HIIT only requires the 1/3 exercise time of the previous two. Conclusions RE may be more effective than AE in patients with poor cardiovascular fitness, sarcopenia, and NAFLD who are unable to tolerate or participate in AE; HIIT has certain advantages in the time-effect and dose-effect due to less exercise time and smaller amount of exercise, This is easy for the NAFLD people to accept, and it will facilitate long-term adherence in the future

Effects of High-Stakes Accountability Testing on Teacher Motivation

There is always a driving force behind our actions in any given situation. In 2000, NCLB instituted accountability testing with strict requirements for all schools in the U.S., hoping to motivate teachers to reach higher levels of instruction by using sanctions or rewards against teachers when standards were not met. However, Deci and Ryan¿s (2000) SDT explains that fostering intrinsic motivation and providing autonomy support for an individual results in more effective outcomes and increased satisfaction. Private and public school teachers in PA were surveyed using the Work Climate Questionnaire and the Work Task Motivation Scale for Teachers to examine differences in self-reported motivation and perceived autonomy support in order to investigate if the use of high-stakes accountability testing (HST) is related to decreased teacher motivation. The results from ANOVAs and correlations indicate differences in self-reported motivation levels of teachers in public and private schools, as well as aid ratio, grade taught, number of years in teaching, and the time the participant responded (before or after the PSSA), as well as perceived autonomy support, suggesting that the presence of HST may influence motivation in teachers

Fosthiazate inhibits root-knot disease and alters rhizosphere microbiome of Cucumis melo var. saccharinus

Root-knot nematodes especially Meloidogyne spp. are considered as most destructive obligate parasites that substantially reduce crop yield and quality. Fosthiazate is an efficient organothiophosphate chemical with nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne spp. The present study aimed to analyze the efficacy of fosthiazate against root-knot disease in Cucumis melo var. saccharinus and its potential effects on rhizosphere microbiome and metabolites. The fosthiazate (40%) was applied two times by spraying on the day of transplanting and during the pollination period (after 31 days). Samples from treatment (fosthiazate 40%: MF) and control groups (untreated plants; MCK) were analysed through metagenomic and metabolomic profiling of rhizospheres. Results revealed that root-knot index of the MF group (9.26 ± 1.28) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the MCK group (22.06 ± 0.71) with a control effect of 57.85% after 31 days of the first spray, whereas fosthiazate efficacy reduced to 31.87% after 38 days of second application with significantly (p < 0.05) different root-knot index values (MF: 56 ± 1.43 and; MCK: 82.26 ± 3.87). However, Cucumis melo var. saccharinus fruit yield in both groups (MCK: 21.1 ± 0.9 and MF: 21.53 ± 0.85) showed no differences (p > 0.05). Metagenomic profiling revealed Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes as predominant phyla and Bacillus, Sphingomonas, and Acidibacter as predominant genera in rhizosphere soil samples of both MF and MCK groups. Further, a t-test revealed higher differential enrichment of Firmicutes at phylum level and Bacillus at genus level in MF than MCK. Metabolomic profiling of rhizospheric soil revealed a total of six differential metabolites (p < 0.05), four of them (Sucrose, Hexaonic acid 1, (Z)-9-Octadecenamide 1, and Hexadecanamide) were up-regulated in MF group, whereas two of them (2,3,4-Trihydroxy-3-(Hydroxymethyl) Butanol and Sulfurous acid, 2, ethylhexylundecyl ester) were down-regulated in CK group. Our study concluded that fosthiazate exhibits a better control over the rook-knot disease in the short term and resulted in trackable changes in rhizosphere microbiome and metabolome

Apelin-13 Suppresses Neuroinflammation Against Cognitive Deficit in a Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Through Activation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by impairments of cognitive function as a result of synaptic deficits and neuronal loss, is associated with inflammation. Apelin-13, a predominant neuropeptide with inhibiting effect on inflammation, has beneficial effects on cognition memory and neuronal damage. However, whether apelin-13 can protect neurons to ameliorate cognitive deficits in AD by inhibiting the inflammatory response remains largely unknown. To test this hypothesis, rats were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected with streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) alone or in combination with apelin-13 (2 μg). And tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) blocker K252a (200 nM) was administrated 10 min before apelin injection. Furthermore, cognitive performance was assessed by new object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. Protein expression of apelin, APJ, microglial marker (IBA1), astroglia marker (GFAP), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), synaptophysin (SYP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, phospho-TrkB (p-TrkB) in the hippocampus were examined by western blotting or immunohistochemistry. And the gene expression of IBA1, GFAP, IL-1β, TNF-α, and SYP were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Inflammatory disorder in the hippocampus was tested by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the expression level of acetylcholine. And the activity of acetylcholinesterase was detected by Acetylcholinesterase Assay Kit. We observed that apelin/APJ signaling was downregulated in the hippocampus of rats administrated with STZ. Apelin-13 was found to significantly ameliorate STZ-induced AD-like phenotypes including congnitive deficit, cholinergic disfunction and the damage of neuron and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, apelin-13 inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation, reduced IL-1β and TNF-α expression and hippocampal BDNF/TrkB expression deficit in AD rats. Finally, apelin-13-mediated effects were blocked by TrkB receptor antagonist K252a. These results suggest that apelin-13 upregulates BDNF/TrkB pathway against cognitive deficit in a STZ-induced rat model of sporadic AD by attenuating inflammation

GhCalS5 is involved in cotton response to aphid attack through mediating callose formation

Callose synthase plays an essential role in plant growth and development and in response to all sorts of stresses through regulating callose formation. However, few research about the function and mechanism of the insect resistance of callose synthase genes have been reported in cotton. In this study, a cotton callose synthase gene GhCalS5 was cloned, and its function and mechanism of resistance to cotton aphids were analyzed. The expression of GhCalS5 was significantly upregulated in both, leaves and stems of cotton plants at 48 h after cotton aphid infestation and in the leaves of cotton plants at 24 h after salicylic acid treatment. The overexpression of GhCalS5 enhanced cotton resistance to cotton aphids. Expectedly silencing of GhCalS5 reduced cotton resistance to cotton aphids. Overexpression of GhCalS5 enhanced callose formation in cotton leaves. Our results suggest that GhCalS5 is involved in cotton resistance against cotton aphids by influencing callose formation

Searching for the nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave background with the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array Data Release I

Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs). The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the times-of-arrival of widely spaced pulsar-pairs. The Chinese Pulsar Timing Array (CPTA) is a collaboration aiming at the direct GW detection with observations carried out using Chinese radio telescopes. This short article serves as a `table of contents' for a forthcoming series of papers related to the CPTA Data Release 1 (CPTA DR1) which uses observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Here, after summarizing the time span and accuracy of CPTA DR1, we report the key results of our statistical inference finding a correlated signal with amplitude \log A_{\rm c}= -14.4 \,^{+1.0}_{-2.8} for spectral index in the range of $\alpha\in [-1.8, 1.5]$ assuming a GW background (GWB) induced quadrupolar correlation. The search for the Hellings-Downs (HD) correlation curve is also presented, where some evidence for the HD correlation has been found that a 4.6-$\sigma$ statistical significance is achieved using the discrete frequency method around the frequency of 14 nHz. We expect that the future International Pulsar Timing Array data analysis and the next CPTA data release will be more sensitive to the nHz GWB, which could verify the current results.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, submitted to "Research in astronomy and astrophysics" 22nd March 202