Expression of surface antigens (A) CD14, (B) HLA-DR, (C) CD80, (D) CD86, (E) PD-L1 and (F) anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by Ctrl-MoDC, PTEC-MoDC and PTEC-MoDC supplemented with blocking antibody for PD-L1.

<p>The bar graph represents mean of eight to nine donors and the line graph represents individual donor experiments. Surface expression was measured by flow cytometry (gated on live, single cells) and reported as delta MFI (MFI test-MFI isotype control). Cytokine expression was determined using a flow cytometric bead array and presented as pg/mL.</p

Allogeneic CD4⁺ T cell proliferation induced by Ctrl-MoDC, PTEC-MoDC and PTEC-MoDC supplemented with IDO inhibitor 1-MT represented as mean values for five donors (bar graph) and five individual donors (line graph) at a 1:8 MoDC:T cell ratio.

<p>Proliferation was measured by ³[H]-thymidine incorporation and expressed as counts per minute (CPM) after 5 days.</p

Allogeneic CD4⁺ T cell proliferation induced by Ctrl- and PTEC-MoDC from CD and CI cultures in three individual donors (donor 1, donor 2 and donor 3) at 1:8 MoDC:T cell ratio.

<p>Proliferation was measured by ³[H]-thymidine incorporation and expressed as counts per minute (CPM) after 5 days.</p

Expression of surface antigens (A) DC-SIGN, (B) CD14, (C) HLA-DR, (D) CD80, (E) CD86 and (F) PD-L1 by Ctrl- and PTEC-MoDC from CD and CI culture systems.

<p>The bar graph represents mean values (± SEM) for five to seven donors and the line graph represents five to seven individual donor experiments. Surface expression was measured by flow cytometry (gated on live, single cells) and reported as delta MFI (MFI test-MFI isotype control). Statistical comparisons between the two groups were performed using a two-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test.</p

Secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by Ctrl- and PTEC-MoDC from CD and CI culture systems represented as mean values for five donors (bar graph) and five individual donor (line graph) experiments as determined using a flow cytometric bead array and presented as pg/mL.

<p>Secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by Ctrl- and PTEC-MoDC from CD and CI culture systems represented as mean values for five donors (bar graph) and five individual donor (line graph) experiments as determined using a flow cytometric bead array and presented as pg/mL.</p

Expression of surface antigen (A) HLA-DR and (B) anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by Ctrl-MoDC, PTEC-MoDC and PTEC-MoDC supplemented with blocking antibody for sHLA-G.

<p>The bar graph represents mean of three donors and the line graph represents individual donor experiments. Surface expression was measured by flow cytometry (gated on live, single cells) and reported as delta MFI (MFI test-MFI isotype control). Cytokine expression was determined using a flow cytometric bead array and presented as pg/mL</p

P4HA2 log relative gene expression (normalised to GAPDH) from normal biopsies (Control) and biopsies with (A) the presence of eosinophils, (B) interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA, 0 = absent, 1 = <5%, 2 = 6–25%, 3 = 26–50%, 4 = >50%) and (C) chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, 1 = ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m², 2 = 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m², 3 = 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m², 4 = 15–29 ml/min/1.73 m², 5 = <15 ml/min/1.73 m²).

<p>Values are means ± SEM. *P<0.05, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test.</p

Kim-1 log relative gene expression (normalised to GAPDH) from normal biopsies (Control) and biopsies with (A) overall cortical inflammation (OCI, 0 = absent, 1–2 = 5–25%, 3–4 = 26–>50%), (B) unscarred cortical inflammation (UCI, 0 = absent, 1 = <5%, 2 = 6–25%, 3 = 26–50%), (C) the presence of acute tubular injury, (D) the presence of neutrophils and (E) proteinuria, defined using a urine protein to creatinine ratio (uPCR) (A = < 100 mg/mmol, B = 100–299 mg/mmol, C = ≥300 mg/mmol).

<p>Values are means ± SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test.</p

The log relative gene expression (normalised to GAPDH) of COL3A1, Kim-1, P4HA2, VIM, TJP1, C3 and SMAD3 across clinical acute, chronic and acute-on-chronic diagnoses.

<p>Values are means ± SEM. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test.</p

The log relative gene expression (normalised to GAPDH) of Kim-1, COL3A1 and VIM defined by real-time PCR from 3 biopsies with low/no MT-PCR expression (−) and 3 biopsies with medium/high MT-PCR expression (+) for that gene.

<p>Values are means ± SEM.</p