The algorithm of PR-index.

<p>The algorithm of PR-index.</p

The distribution of different indicators with logarithmic scales.

<p>The x-axes denote different indicators, i.e., the total number (a) publications and (b) citations, the total number of (c) cooperations with others, the values of (d) PR_AC and (e) PR_Co based on the author citation network and co-authorship network respectively, and the values of (f) <i>h</i>-index and (g) PR-index. From this figure, some indicators (i.e., Publications, Citations, Co-authors, <i>h</i>-index and PR-index) approximately follow a power law distribution. The power-law exponents are estimated with the maximum likelihood estimation based on the Matlab toolkit provided by Newman [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161755#pone.0161755.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>]. While, the log-log plots of PageRank as shown in (d, e) do not follow a power-law distribution.</p

Three kinds of relationship in the academic research field.

<p><i>a</i>1, <i>a</i>2, <i>a</i>3 denote three authors, <i>p</i>₁, <i>p</i>₂, <i>p</i>₃ denote published papers. A black solid line means that an author published a paper. (a) illustrates the author citation relationship. The dashed arrow from <i>a</i>₁ to <i>a</i>₂ denotes that <i>a</i>₁ cited <i>a</i>₂ in a paper. (b) represents co-authorship among authors. There are two directed dashed edges between <i>a</i>₁ and <i>a</i>₂ which means that <i>a</i>₁ has co-authored with <i>a</i>₂. (c) represents for the publication citation relationship. A directed dashed edge from <i>p</i>₁ to <i>p</i>₂ means <i>p</i>₁ has cited <i>p</i>₂.</p

The PR-index sequences and <i>MP</i>5 of the top 7 authors based on the PR-index indicator.

<p>The PR-index sequences and <i>MP</i>5 of the top 7 authors based on the PR-index indicator.</p

Comparison of ranks of the top 20 authors based on the indicator of PR_AC.

<p>The authors who are in the boldface may get an inappropriate ranking for they only published a few papers. Numerical in the brackets stands for authors’ rank according to different indicators. Due to the limitation of table width, there are some abbreviations in this table. The Pub. is short for Publications, Co. is short for Co-authors.</p

Illustration about the correlation among indicators based on the authors ranking of different indicators.

<p>The blue center dots in the principal diagonal show that two indicators highly correlate with each other. The sub figures in pink mean that two indicators are in a lower correlation obviously. This figure illustrates that the evaluation for the same author has the significant differences based on the indicators of Publications and Citations.</p

Each column presents the top 20 authors ranked by different indicators.

<p>Some authors who are SIGKDD by innovation award winners are highlighted with the boldface. The bracketed number indicates the scores of authors according to different indicators.</p

Illustration of evolution mechanism of PR-index sequence.

<p>The top of 7 authors are selected based on the ranking of PR-index in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161755#pone.0161755.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. The PR-index presents different types of decreasing patterns based on the both citations and publications.</p

The expression of genes was negatively associated with the expression of miRNAs.

<p>Bars (left y axis) represents the expression detected by qRT-PCR, while lines (right y axis) represent the normalized expression detected by Solexa sequencing or the expression by the Genechip analysis. Each bar represents mean (three replicates) ± standard deviation. A, B, C, D, E and F, different pairs of miRNA and gene. The miRNAs were differentially expressed in <i>Xoo</i>-inoculated Rb49 compared with mock-inoculated Rb49 (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137360#pone.0137360.s007" target="_blank">S5 Table</a>). PCC, Pearson’s correlation coefficient. CK, before <i>Xoo</i> inoculation.</p

Overexpression of <i>OsSWEET5</i> in Rice Causes Growth Retardation and Precocious Senescence

<div><p>As a novel sugar transporter family, SWEETs play important roles in plant growth and development. Here, we characterized a SWEET gene named <i>OsSWEET5</i> through its overexpression in rice. Heterologous expression assay indicated that <i>OsSWEET5</i> encoded a galactose transporter in yeast. <i>OsSWEET5</i>-overexpressing plants displayed the phenotypes of growth retardation and precocious senescence at seedling stage. GC-MS analysis showed that the sugar levels were largely altered in the leaves of the <i>OsSWEET5</i>-overexpressing plants. Molecular analysis revealed that these phenotypes might be due to the transcriptional changes of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport. In addition, the transgenic plants showed a lower level of auxin with altered transcription of genes involved in auxin signaling and translocation pathways. However, no obvious phenotype was observed between the <i>amiRNA</i>-<i>OsSWEET5</i> transgenic lines and WT plants, which could be a result of the functional redundancy of the galactose transporters in rice. Taken together, our findings suggest that OsSWEET5 plays a crucial role in regulating the crosstalk between sugar and auxin in rice.</p></div