Urbanization Process and Land Use Policy

Within a framewaork of New Economic Geography (NEG) model, this paper intends to show that urbanization rate in an isolated region is determined as a synthetic rerult of rational behavior of each socio-economic agent. In particular, a model is constructed with bearing to explain the urbanization process in Chaina in mind such that the role of government in managing land use allocation is explicitly incorporated and its policy effects can be evaluated. Some results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation analysis are contrasted with the ones in Fujita and Krugman (1995) incorporating land into an NEG model as well.

Hydrogen production by mixed culture of several facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria

AbstractThe characteristic of hydrogen production by facultative anaerobic bacteria, obligate anaerobic bacteria and their mixed culture was studied by the batch culture method. The results showed that, due to the synergistic effect between facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, the ability of hydrogen production in the mixed culture was much better than that in the pure culture. Especially, the culture Scheme No.7 mixed up with three strains (Bacterium. E: Bacterium. B: Bacterium. P = 1:1:1) not only had the best hydrogen production capacity (1.885 mol H2/mol glucose) and maximum average hydrogen production rate (212.2 mL/(L·h)), but also had stable hydrogen production under continuous culture conditions, which was 1.968 mol H2/mol glucose

The UDP-glucosyltransferase multigene family in Bombyx mori

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Glucosidation plays a major role in the inactivation and excretion of a great variety of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. A class of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) is involved in this process. Insect UGTs play important roles in several processes, including detoxication of substrates such as plant allelochemicals, cuticle formation, pigmentation, and olfaction. Identification and characterization of <it>Bombyx mori </it>UGT genes could provide valuable basic information for this important family and explain the detoxication mechanism and other processes in insects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Taking advantage of the newly assembled genome sequence, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the candidate UGT family in the silkworm, <it>B. mori</it>. Based on UGT signature and their similarity to UGT homologs from other organisms, we identified 42 putative silkworm UGT genes. Most of them are clustered on the silkworm chromosomes, with two major clusters on chromosomes 7 and 28, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of these identified 42 UGT protein sequences revealed five major groups. A comparison of the silkworm UGTs with homologs from other sequenced insect genomes indicated that some UGTs are silkworm-specific genes. The expression patterns of these candidate genes were investigated with known expressed sequence tags (ESTs), microarray data, and RT-PCR method. In total, 36 genes were expressed in tissues examined and showed different patterns of expression profile, indicating that these UGT genes might have different functions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>B. mori </it>possesses a largest insect UGT gene family characterized to date, including 42 genes. Phylogenetic analysis, genomic organization and expression profiles provide an overview for the silkworm UGTs and facilitate their functional studies in future.</p

Quantum theory of electronic double-slit diffraction

The phenomena of electron, neutron, atomic and molecular diffraction have been studied by many experiments, and these experiments are explained by some theoretical works. In this paper, we study electronic double-slit diffraction with quantum mechanical approach. We can obtain the results: (1) When the slit width $a$ is in the range of $3\lambda\sim 50\lambda$ we can obtain the obvious diffraction patterns. (2) when the ratio of $\frac{d+a}{a}=n (n=1, 2, 3,\cdot\cdot\cdot)$, order $2n, 3n, 4n,\cdot\cdot\cdot$ are missing in diffraction pattern. (3)When the ratio of $\frac{d+a}{a}\neq n (n=1, 2, 3,\cdot\cdot\cdot)$, there isn't missing order in diffraction pattern. (4) We also find a new quantum mechanics effect that the slit thickness $c$ has a large affect to the electronic diffraction patterns. We think all the predictions in our work can be tested by the electronic double-slit diffraction experiment.Comment: 9pages, 14figure

The significance of Notch ligand expression in the peripheral blood of children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)

BACKGROUND: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), a virus-induced infectious disease that usually affects infants and children, has an increased incidence in China in recent years. This study attempted to investigate the role of the Notch signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of HFMD. METHODS: Eighty-two children diagnosed with HFMD were enrolled into this study. The HFMD group was further divided into the uncomplicated HFMD and HFMD with encephalitis groups. The control group included 40 children who underwent elective surgery for treatment of inguinal hernias. RESULTS: Children with HFMD displayed significantly reduced CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cell subsets, but substantially enhanced CD3−CD19+ cell subset (p < 0.05 versus control subjects). The expression levels of Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll4 in the peripheral blood of the HFMD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3−CD19+ cell subsets, but not in Notch ligand expression, between the uncomplicated HFMD and HFMD with encephalitis groups. Dll4 expression in HFMD subjects correlated negatively with the CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ cell subsets (p < 0.05), but positively with the CD3−CD19+ cell subset (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Dll4 expression in HFMD with encephalitis subjects correlated positively with total white blood cell (WBC) counts and total protein contents in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Notch ligand Dll4 exhibits a strong correlation with the CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3−CD19+ cell subsets in children with HFMD, indicating that the Notch signaling may be involved in the development of HFMD by affecting the number and status of peripheral lymphocytes