Data_Sheet_1_Circadian light therapy and light dose for depressed young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundEmpirical evidence has shown that light therapy (LT) can reduce depression symptoms by stimulating circadian rhythms. However, there is skepticism and inconclusive results, along with confusion regarding dosing. The purpose of this study is to quantify light as a stimulus for the circadian system and create a dose-response relationship that can help reduce maladies among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). This will provide a reference for light exposure and neural response, which are crucial in the neuropsychological mechanism of light intervention. The study also aims to provide guidance for clinical application.MethodsThe latest quantitative model of CLA (circadian light) and CSt,f (circadian stimulus) was adopted to quantify light dose for circadian phototransduction in youth depression-related light therapy. Articles published up to 2023 through Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline (OVID), CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Embase, and Scholars were retrieved. A meta-analysis of 31 articles (1,031 subjects) was performed using Stata17.0, CMA3.0 (comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0) software, and Python 3.9 platform for light therapy efficacy comparison and dose-response quantification.ResultsUnder various circadian stimulus conditions (0.1 t,f 2 = 92.8%), with temporal pattern (p = 0.044) and co-medication (p = 0.000) suggested as main heterogeneity sources. For the efficacy advantage of LT with a higher circadian stimulus that is assumed to be influenced by visualization, co-medication, disease severity, and time pattern, sets of meta-analysis among random-controlled trials (RCTs) found evidence for significant efficacy of circadian-active bright light therapy (BLT) over circadian-inactive dim red light (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI = −0.96 to −0.34; z = −4.101, p = 0.000; I2 = 84.9%) or circadian-active dimmer white light (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI = −0.68 to −0.06; z = −2.318, p = 0.02; I2 = 33.8%), whereas green-blue, circadian-active BLT showed no significant superiority over circadian-inactive red/amber light controls (SMD = −0.21, 95% CI = −0.45 to 0.04; z = −2.318, p = 0.099; I2 = 0%). Overall, circadian-active BLT showed a greater likelihood of clinical response than dim light controls, with increased superiority observed with co-medication. For pre-to-post-treatment amelioration and corresponding dose-response relationship, cumulative duration was found more influential than other categorical (co-medication, severity, study design) or continuous (CSt,f) variables. Dose-response fitting indicated that the therapeutic effect would reach saturation among co-medicated patients at 32–42 days (900–1,000 min) and 58–59 days (1,100–1,500 min) among non-medicated AYAs. When exerting high circadian stimulus of light therapy (0.6 t,f 1,500 min of duration, indicating a threshold for practical guidance.LimitationsThe results have been based on limited samples and influenced by a small sample effect. The placebo effect could not be ignored.ConclusionsAlthough the superiority of LT with higher circadian stimulus over dimmer light controls remains unproven, greater response potentials of circadian-active BLT have been noticed among AYAs, taking co-medication, disease severity, time pattern, and visual characteristics into consideration. The dose-response relationship with quantified circadian stimulus and temporal pattern had been elaborated under various conditions to support clinical depression treatment and LT device application in the post-pandemic era.</p

Nucleot(s)ide Analogues for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Aim</p><p>The benefit of nucleot(s)ide analogues (NA) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment has been widely debated due to the relatively weak evidence. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of NA on recurrence and survival after curative treatment of HBV-HCC.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A systematic electronic search was performed. All controlled trials comparing NA versus placebo or no treatment were considered for inclusion. Results were expressed as Hazard Ratio for recurrence and survival with 95% confidence intervals using RevMan 5.2.</p><p>Results</p><p>We included 13 trials with 6350 patients. There were significant improvements for recurrence-free survival (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.54–0.80; p<0.0001) and overall survival (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43–0.73; p<0.0001) in the adjuvant NA group compared with the control group. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. There were no serious adverse effects being reported. Lamivudine resistance was from 28.6% to 37.5% but could be rescued by other types of NA or combination therapy.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our study suggested benefits of adjuvant NA therapy following curative treatment of HBV-HCC. Since the great proven efficacy of NA in improving clinical and viral parameters besides HCC, further studies should be focused on broadening the indications for NA therapy after curative treatment of HBV-HCC.</p></div

Heterogeneous Dynamics of Sheared Particle-Laden Fluid Interfaces with Janus Particle Doping

The formation of particle clusters can substantially modify the dynamics and mechanical properties of suspensions in both two and three dimensions. While it has been well established that large network-spanning clusters increase the rigidity of particle systems, it is still unclear how the presence of localized nonpercolating clusters affects the dynamics and mechanical properties of particle suspensions. Here, we introduce self-assembled localized particle clusters at a fluid–fluid interface by mixing a fraction of Janus particles in a monolayer of homogeneous colloids. Each Janus particle binds to a few nearby homogeneous colloids, resulting in numerous small clusters uniformly distributed across the interface. Using a custom magnetic rod interfacial stress rheometer, we apply linear oscillatory shear to the particle-laden fluid interface. By analyzing the local affine deformation of particles from optical microscopy, we show that particles in localized clusters experience substantially lower shear-induced stretching than their neighbors outside clusters. We hypothesize that such heterogeneous dynamics induced by particle clusters increase the effective surface coverage of particles, which in turn enhances the shear moduli of the interface, as confirmed by direct interfacial rheological measurements. Our study illustrates the microscopic dynamics of small clusters in a shear flow and reveals their profound effects on the macroscopic rheology of particle-laden fluid interfaces. Our findings open an avenue for designing interfacial materials with improved mechanical properties via the control of formation of localized particle clusters

Forest plot of 13 studies on the use of NA after curative treatment of HBV-HCC.

<p>(A) Forest plot showing significant benefit of NA therapy for recurrence free survival. (B) Forest plot showing significant benefit of NA therapy for overall survival.</p

Characteristics of the included studies.

<p>Abbreviations: T, treated; C, control; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; NA, not available; HBeAg+, hepatitis B virus e antigen positive; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; LAM, lamivudine; ADV, adefovir; ETV, entecavir; PCEI, percutaneous ethanol injection.</p

Sensitivity analyses comparing nucleoside analogues versus control.

<p>Abbreviation: No., number; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; df, degrees of freedom; RFS, recurrence free survival; OS, overall survival.</p><p>*Yin 2013 is a two-stage longitudinal clinical study and considered as 2 studies and the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is treated as high quality of non- RCT here.</p

Degradation of Cationic Red GTL by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation over Mo–Zn–Al–O Catalyst under Room Temperature and Atmospheric pressure

To overcome the drawback of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) with high temperature and high pressure, the catalytic activity of Mo–Zn–Al–O catalyst for degradation of cationic red GTL under room temperature and atmospheric pressure was investigated. Mo–Zn–Al–O catalyst was prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation. XRD, TG-DTG, and XPS were used to characterize the resulting sample. Central composition design using response surface methodology was employed to optimize correlation of factors on the decolorization of cationic red GTL. The results show that the optimal conditions of pH value, initial concentration of dye and catalyst dosage were found to be 4.0, 85 mg/L and 2.72 g/L, respectively, for maximum decolorization of 80.1% and TOC removal of 50.9%. Furthermore, the reaction on the Mo–Zn–Al–O catalyst and degradation mechanism of cationic red GTL was studied by Electron spin resonance (ESR) and GC-MS technique. The possible reaction mechanism was that the Mo–Zn–Al–O catalyst can efficiently react with adsorbed oxygen/H₂O to produce ·OH and ¹O₂ and finally induce the degradation of cationic red GTL. GC-MS analysis of the degradation products indicates that cationic red GTL was initiated by the cleavage of NN and the intermediates were further oxidized by ·OH or ¹O₂

Controlling the Morphology of Immiscible Cocontinuous Polymer Blends via Silica Nanoparticles Jammed at the Interface

Cocontinuous polymer blends have wide applications. They can form conductive plastics with improved mechanical properties. When one phase is extracted, they yield porous polymer sheets, which can be used as filters or membrane supports. However, the cocontinuous morphology is intrinsically unstable due to coarsening during static annealing. In this study, silica nanoparticles, ∼100 nm diameter, with different wetting properties were melt compounded in polyethylene/poly­(ethylene oxide) blends. Calculated wetting coefficients of these particles match well with their phase contact angles and their locations in the blends. We demonstrated that a monolayer of particles jamming at interfaces can effectively suppress coarsening and stabilize the cocontinuous morphology. We also correlated the wettability of individual particles at interface to their coarsening suppression ability and found that the most hydrophobic silica nanoparticle is the most effective to arrest coarsening. Moreover, during annealing, we used the rheological dynamic time sweep, a facial but sensitive method, to relate the morphology change with particle dispersion on the interface. We further corroborated these measurements by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy imaging

Multivariate linear regressions analyses of aortic diameter, lowest ABI and growth rate as dependent variables.

<p>Multivariate linear regressions analyses of aortic diameter, lowest ABI and growth rate as dependent variables.</p

Scatter plots of Pearson correlation analysis of plasma total CatS

<p>(<b>A</b>)<b>, pro–CatS</b> (<b>B</b>)<b>, active CatS</b> (<b>C</b>)<b>, and cystatin C</b> (<b>D</b>) <b>levels with maximal aortic diameters and lowest ABI.</b> Both correlation coefficient and <i>P</i> values are indicated for each analysis.</p