Treatment of infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

AIM: To explore the different ages of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants, take different treatment methods at different times. <p>METHODS:The 87 cases of 102 children were divided into three different age groups: the first group of 25d-3mo of age 21 cases 26 eyes; The second group >3mo-7mo 31 cases 36 eyes; The third group >7-24mo of age 35 cases 40 eyes. For the first group of infants, the implementation of the lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct massage + eye drops; for the second group of infants, carry lacrimal pressure washing treatment; for the third group of infants, the implementation of the nasolacrimal duct probing treatment. <p>RESULTS:The first group of children through the nasolacrimal duct sac massage + drops tobramycin eye drops treatment unobstructed 12, the cure rate was 46.2%; The second group of children through pressurized irrigation treatment lacrimal patency by 33, the cure rate was 91.7%; The third group of children through the nasolacrimal duct probing unobstructed 36 treatment, the cure rate was 90.0%. The second and third group were better than the first group(<i>χ</i>²=15.71, <i>P</i><0.01; <i>χ</i>²=15.27, <i>P</i><0.01); the treatment effect of the second and third groups was no significant difference(<i>χ</i>²=0.02, <i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:Infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction should distinguish between ages, taking different treatments, in order to obtain a better therapeutic effect, and lacrimal pressure washing is the preferred way of treating infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Contagion in a Financial System

Financial contagion is often observed in recent financial crisis, which illustrates a critical need for new and fundamental understanding of its dynamics. So in this paper we mainly focus on modeling and analysing the financial contagion in a system where a large number of financial institutions are randomly connected by the direct balance sheets linkages own to the lending or borrowing relationships. We propose a simple contagion algorithm to study the effect of several determinants, such as the topology of financial network, exposure ratio, leverage ratio, and the liquidation ratio. One of our finding is that the financial contagion is weaker as the growth of connectivity of network, so a financial system with a higher connectivity is more stability or robustness; we also find that the exposure ratio increases the risk of financial contagion, but both the leverage ratio and liquidation ratio has a negative relationship on financial contagion