296 research outputs found
Holistically-Attracted Wireframe Parsing
This paper presents a fast and parsimonious parsing method to accurately and
robustly detect a vectorized wireframe in an input image with a single forward
pass. The proposed method is end-to-end trainable, consisting of three
components: (i) line segment and junction proposal generation, (ii) line
segment and junction matching, and (iii) line segment and junction
verification. For computing line segment proposals, a novel exact dual
representation is proposed which exploits a parsimonious geometric
reparameterization for line segments and forms a holistic 4-dimensional
attraction field map for an input image. Junctions can be treated as the
"basins" in the attraction field. The proposed method is thus called
Holistically-Attracted Wireframe Parser (HAWP). In experiments, the proposed
method is tested on two benchmarks, the Wireframe dataset, and the YorkUrban
dataset. On both benchmarks, it obtains state-of-the-art performance in terms
of accuracy and efficiency. For example, on the Wireframe dataset, compared to
the previous state-of-the-art method L-CNN, it improves the challenging mean
structural average precision (msAP) by a large margin ( absolute
improvements) and achieves 29.5 FPS on single GPU ( relative
improvement). A systematic ablation study is performed to further justify the
proposed method.Comment: Accepted by CVPR 202
Holistically-Attracted Wireframe Parsing: From Supervised to Self-Supervised Learning
This article presents Holistically-Attracted Wireframe Parsing (HAWP), a
method for geometric analysis of 2D images containing wireframes formed by line
segments and junctions. HAWP utilizes a parsimonious Holistic Attraction (HAT)
field representation that encodes line segments using a closed-form 4D
geometric vector field. The proposed HAWP consists of three sequential
components empowered by end-to-end and HAT-driven designs: (1) generating a
dense set of line segments from HAT fields and endpoint proposals from
heatmaps, (2) binding the dense line segments to sparse endpoint proposals to
produce initial wireframes, and (3) filtering false positive proposals through
a novel endpoint-decoupled line-of-interest aligning (EPD LOIAlign) module that
captures the co-occurrence between endpoint proposals and HAT fields for better
verification. Thanks to our novel designs, HAWPv2 shows strong performance in
fully supervised learning, while HAWPv3 excels in self-supervised learning,
achieving superior repeatability scores and efficient training (24 GPU hours on
a single GPU). Furthermore, HAWPv3 exhibits a promising potential for wireframe
parsing in out-of-distribution images without providing ground truth labels of
wireframes.Comment: Journal extension of arXiv:2003.01663; Accepted by IEEE TPAMI; Code
is available at https://github.com/cherubicxn/haw
Learning Regional Attraction for Line Segment Detection
This paper presents regional attraction of line segment maps, and hereby
poses the problem of line segment detection (LSD) as a problem of region
coloring. Given a line segment map, the proposed regional attraction first
establishes the relationship between line segments and regions in the image
lattice. Based on this, the line segment map is equivalently transformed to an
attraction field map (AFM), which can be remapped to a set of line segments
without loss of information. Accordingly, we develop an end-to-end framework to
learn attraction field maps for raw input images, followed by a squeeze module
to detect line segments. Apart from existing works, the proposed detector
properly handles the local ambiguity and does not rely on the accurate
identification of edge pixels. Comprehensive experiments on the Wireframe
dataset and the YorkUrban dataset demonstrate the superiority of our method. In
particular, we achieve an F-measure of 0.831 on the Wireframe dataset,
advancing the state-of-the-art performance by 10.3 percent.Comment: Accepted to IEEE TPAMI. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1812.0212
Deubiquitinating Enzymes Orchestrate the Cancer Stem Cell-Immunosuppressive Niche Dialogue: New Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are sparks for igniting tumor recurrence and the instigators of low response to immunotherapy and drug resistance. As one of the important components of tumor microenvironment, the tumor associated immune microenvironment (TAIM) is driving force for the heterogeneity, plasticity and evolution of CSCs. CSCs create the inhibitory TAIM (ITAIM) mainly through four stemness-related signals (SRSs), including Notch-nuclear factor-ΞΊB axis, Hedgehog, Wnt and signal transducer and activator of transcription. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in proteins related to the specific stemness of the CSCs have a profound impact on the regulation of ITAIM. In regulating the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination, it is crucial for deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) to cleave ubiquitin chains from substrates. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) comprise the largest family of DUBs. Growing evidence suggests that they play novel functions in contribution of ITAIM, including regulating tumor immunogenicity, activating stem cell factors, upregulating the SRSs, stabilizing anti-inflammatory receptors, and regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. These overactive or abnormal signaling may dampen antitumor immune responses. The inhibition of USPs could play a regulatory role in SRSs and reversing ITAIM, and also have great potential in improving immune killing ability against tumor cells, including CSCs. In this review, we focus on the USPs involved in CSCs signaling pathways and regulating ITAIM, which are promising therapeutic targets in antitumor therapy
Arabidopsis NMD3 Is Required for Nuclear Export of 60S Ribosomal Subunits and Affects Secondary Cell Wall Thickening
NMD3 is required for nuclear export of the 60S ribosomal subunit in yeast and vertebrate cells, but no corresponding function of NMD3 has been reported in plants. Here we report that Arabidopsis thaliana NMD3 (AtNMD3) showed a similar function in the nuclear export of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Interference with AtNMD3 function by overexpressing a truncated dominant negative form of the protein lacking the nuclear export signal sequence caused retainment of the 60S ribosomal subunits in the nuclei. More interestingly, the transgenic Arabidopsis with dominant negative interference of AtNMD3 function showed a striking failure of secondary cell wall thickening, consistent with the altered expression of related genes and composition of cell wall components. Observation of a significant decrease of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the differentiating interfascicular fiber cells of the transgenic plant stems suggested a link between the defective nuclear export of 60S ribosomal subunits and the abnormal formation of the secondary cell wall. These findings not only clarified the evolutionary conservation of NMD3 functions in the nuclear export of 60S ribosomal subunits in yeast, animals and plants, but also revealed a new facet of the regulatory mechanism underlying secondary cell wall thickening in Arabidopsis. This new facet is that the nuclear export of 60S ribosomal subunits and the formation of RER may play regulatory roles in coordinating protein synthesis in cytoplasm and transcription in nuclei
The LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area (LaCoSSPAr) in the Southern Galactic Cap I. The Spectroscopic Redshift Catalog
We present a spectroscopic redshift catalog from the LAMOST Complete
Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area (LaCoSSPAr) in the Southern Galactic Cap
(SGC), which is designed to observe all sources (Galactic and extra-galactic)
by using repeating observations with a limiting magnitude of in
two fields. The project is mainly focusing on the completeness of
LAMOST ExtraGAlactic Surveys (LEGAS) in the SGC, the deficiencies of source
selection methods and the basic performance parameters of LAMOST telescope. In
both fields, more than 95% of galaxies have been observed. A post-processing
has been applied to LAMOST 1D spectrum to remove the majority of remaining sky
background residuals. More than 10,000 spectra have been visually inspected to
measure the redshift by using combinations of different emission/absorption
features with uncertainty of . In total, there are 1528
redshifts (623 absorption and 905 emission line galaxies) in Field A and 1570
redshifts (569 absorption and 1001 emission line galaxies) in Field B have been
measured. The results show that it is possible to derive redshift from low SNR
galaxies with our post-processing and visual inspection. Our analysis also
indicates that up to 1/4 of the input targets for a typical extra-galactic
spectroscopic survey might be unreliable. The multi-wavelength data analysis
shows that the majority of mid-infrared-detected absorption (91.3%) and
emission line galaxies (93.3%) can be well separated by an empirical criterion
of . Meanwhile, a fainter sequence paralleled to the main population
of galaxies has been witnessed both in / and /
diagrams, which could be the population of luminous dwarf galaxies but
contaminated by the edge-on/highly inclined galaxies ().Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, 2 MRT, accepted by ApJ
The LAMOST Survey of Background Quasars in the Vicinity of the Andromeda and Triangulum Galaxies -- II. Results from the Commissioning Observations and the Pilot Surveys
We present new quasars discovered in the vicinity of the Andromeda and
Triangulum galaxies with the LAMOST during the 2010 and 2011 observational
seasons. Quasar candidates are selected based on the available SDSS, KPNO 4 m
telescope, XSTPS optical, and WISE near infrared photometric data. We present
509 new quasars discovered in a stripe of ~135 sq. deg from M31 to M33 along
the Giant Stellar Stream in the 2011 pilot survey datasets, and also 17 new
quasars discovered in an area of ~100 sq. deg that covers the central region
and the southeastern halo of M31 in the 2010 commissioning datasets. These 526
new quasars have i magnitudes ranging from 15.5 to 20.0, redshifts from 0.1 to
3.2. They represent a significant increase of the number of identified quasars
in the vicinity of M31 and M33. There are now 26, 62 and 139 known quasars in
this region of the sky with i magnitudes brighter than 17.0, 17.5 and 18.0
respectively, of which 5, 20 and 75 are newly-discovered. These bright quasars
provide an invaluable collection with which to probe the kinematics and
chemistry of the ISM/IGM in the Local Group of galaxies. A total of 93 quasars
are now known with locations within 2.5 deg of M31, of which 73 are newly
discovered. Tens of quasars are now known to be located behind the Giant
Stellar Stream, and hundreds behind the extended halo and its associated
substructures of M31. The much enlarged sample of known quasars in the vicinity
of M31 and M33 can potentially be utilized to construct a perfect astrometric
reference frame to measure the minute PMs of M31 and M33, along with the PMs of
substructures associated with the Local Group of galaxies. Those PMs are some
of the most fundamental properties of the Local Group.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures, AJ accepte
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