Image_1_Identification of cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes and a novel predictive model of COVID-19 based on machine learning.pdf

BackgroundTo explicate the pathogenic mechanisms of cuproptosis, a newly observed copper induced cell death pattern, in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsCuproptosis-related subtypes were distinguished in COVID-19 patients and associations between subtypes and immune microenvironment were probed. Three machine algorithms, including LASSO, random forest, and support vector machine, were employed to identify differentially expressed genes between subtypes, which were subsequently used for constructing cuproptosis-related risk score model in the GSE157103 cohort to predict the occurrence of COVID-19. The predictive values of the cuproptosis-related risk score were verified in the GSE163151 cohort, GSE152418 cohort and GSE171110 cohort. A nomogram was created to facilitate the clinical use of this risk score, and its validity was validated through a calibration plot. Finally, the model genes were validated using lung proteomics data from COVID-19 cases and single-cell data.ResultsPatients with COVID-19 had higher significantly cuproptosis level in blood leukocytes compared to patients without COVID-19. Two cuproptosis clusters were identified by unsupervised clustering approach and cuproptosis cluster A characterized by T cell receptor signaling pathway had a better prognosis than cuproptosis cluster B. We constructed a cuproptosis-related risk score, based on PDHA1, PDHB, MTF1 and CDKN2A, and a nomogram was created, which both showed excellent predictive values for COVID-19. And the results of proteomics showed that the expression levels of PDHA1 and PDHB were significantly increased in COVID-19 patient samples.ConclusionOur study constructed and validated an cuproptosis-associated risk model and the risk score can be used as a powerful biomarker for predicting the existence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p

Interconnected Hierarchical Porous Carbon from Lignin-Derived Byproducts of Bioethanol Production for Ultra-High Performance Supercapacitors

The advent of bioethanol production has generated abundant lignin-derived byproducts which contain proteins and polysaccharides. These byproducts are inapplicable for direct material applications. In this study, lignin-derived byproducts were used for the first time as carbon precursors to construct an interconnected hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon (HPNC) via hydrothermal treatment and activation. The obtained HPNC exhibited favorable features for supercapacitor applications, such as hierarchical bowl-like pore structures, a large specific surface area of 2218 m² g^–1, a high electronic conductivity of 4.8 S cm^–1, and a nitrogen doping content of 3.4%. HPNC-based supercapacitors in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte exhibited high-rate performance with a high specific capacitance of 312 F g^–1 at 1 A g^–1 and 81% retention at 80 A g^–1 as well as an excellent cyclic life of 98% initial capacitance after 20 000 cycles at 10 A g^–1. Moreover, HPNC-based supercapacitors in the ionic liquid electrolyte of EMI-BF₄ displayed an enhanced energy density of 44.7 Wh kg^–1 (remaining 74% of max value) at an ultrahigh power density of 73.1 kW kg^–1. The proposed strategy may facilitate lignin utilization and lead to a green bioethanol production process

Vertically Aligned Nickel 2‑Methylimidazole Metal–Organic Framework Fabricated from Graphene Oxides for Enhancing Fire Safety of Polystyrene

In this work, flowerlike nickel 2-methylimidazole metal–organic framework (Ni-MOF) was prepared by a solvothermal method. Vertically aligned Ni-MOF was fabricated from graphene oxide (GO) solution in the same way. The combination of GO and Ni-MOF (GOF) obviously suppressed the agglomeration of Ni-MOF sheets. As-synthesized, GOF has bigger pore volume and specific surface area, which are beneficial for volatile degradation products adsorption. It is noteworthy that the addition of GOF obviously reduced the fire hazard of polystyrene (PS). More than 33% decrease in the peak heat release rate for the PS/GOF composite was obtained when the content of the additives is only 1.0 wt %. Meanwhile, the reductions of total smoke and CO production were also prominent during the combustion of PS/GOF, respectively 21% and 52.3% decreases compared with that of pure PS. The synergism effects between layered GO and porous Ni-MOF realized the improved performances of PS. Thus, this work paves a feasible pathway to design efficient flame retardants for enhancing fire safety of polymers

Additional file 1 of Identification of biomarkers and pathways for the SARS-CoV-2 infections in obstructive sleep apnea patients based on machine learning and proteomic analysis

Supplementary 1

DOPO-Modified Two-Dimensional Co-Based Metal–Organic Framework: Preparation and Application for Enhancing Fire Safety of Poly(lactic acid)

Co-based metal–organic framework (Co-MOF) nanosheets were successfully synthesized by the organic ligands with Schiff base structure. The laminated structure gives Co-MOF nanosheets a great advantage in the application in the flame retardant field. Meanwhile, −CN– from Schiff base potentially provides active sites for further modification. In this work, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was used to modify Co-MOF (DOPO@Co-MOF) to further enhance its flame retardant efficiency. It is attractive that DOPO has a synergistic effect with Co-MOF on improving fire safety of poly­(lactic acid) (PLA). The obvious decrease in the values of peak heat release (27%), peak smoke production (56%), and total CO yield (20%) confirmed the enhanced fire safety of PLA composites. The possible flame retardant mechanism was proposed based on characterization results. Moreover, the addition of DOPO@Co-MOF had a positive influence on the mechanical performance, including tensile properties and impact resistance. This work designed and synthesized two-dimensional MOFs with active groups. As-prepared Co-MOF with expected structure shows a novel direction of preparing MOFs for flame retardant application

The flow diagram of paper review process.

<p>ACWT refers to annual community-wide treatment. One article may contain one or more studies.</p

Heterogeneous test of effects of studies against schistosome infection within each group.

<p>Note: *ACWT refers to annual community-wide treatment.</p

Additional file 1: of Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility

Supplementary supporting data. Figure S1. Mass loss of dilute acid pretreated M. × giganteus under various conditions. Figure S2. TEM micrographs of M. × giganteus Sf after pretreatment with 1% H2SO4 at 170°C for 30 min. Figure S3. Explanation of void space calculation. Figure S4. Raman image of lignin distribution in treated M. × giganteus at 170°C, 1% H2SO4 for 30 min calculated by integrating over the spectral range from 1575 to 1620 cm−1

Control Efficacy of Annual Community-Wide Treatment against <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> in China: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Backgrounds</p><p>Human schistosomiasis is caused by <i>schistosome</i>, with annual loss of over 70 million disability adjusted life years in the world. China is endemic with <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> and large-scale chemotherapy with praziquantel has become the mainstay of control in China since 1990s. However, the control effects of mass treatment in the field have been uneven. Moreover, mass treatment has come into a wide use in other countries with limited health resources. Therefore, a better understanding of the control effect of mass treatment is in an urgent need.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We performed a systematic search of the literature to investigate the control efficiency of annual community-wide treatment (ACWT, treatment to an entire community without any preliminary screening) with a single dose of PZQ (40 mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight) against schistosome in humans in China. Three Chinese literature databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and Chinese Scientific Journal Databases, and the PubMed were searched. Pooled prevalence ratios (prevalence after to before treatment) were used to assess effect. Our protocol is available on PROSPERO (No. CRD42013003628).</p><p>Results</p><p>22 articles were included. Meta-analyses on data from 18 studies on one round of ACWT, 17 studies on two consecutive rounds and 6 studies on three consecutive rounds were performed. The results showed control effects of ACWT plus other measures were statistically significant, with prevalence ratios being 0.38 (0.31, 0.46) for one round, 0.28 (0.22, 0.35) for two rounds and 0.22 (0.10, 0.46) for three rounds. When ACWT was performed alone or with health education only, the values for one and two rounds were 0.389 (0.307, 0.492) and 0.348 (0.300, 0.403), respectively.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The control effect of ACWT alone or with other measures is significant and increases with the number of rounds. Such program is recommended in high endemic areas and the criteria yet merit further assessment.</p></div

Individual and pooled preventive effects (PRs) of one round of ACWT against schistosome in humans.

<p>PR, ratio of infection prevalence after one round of ACWT to prevalence before. ACWT refers to annual community-wide treatment. Diamond and vertical dashed line indicate combined PR, and horizontal lines indicate 95% confidence intervals.</p