In Situ Polymerization Derived from PAN-Based Porous Membrane Realizing Double-Stabilized Interface and High Ionic Conductivity for Lithium-Metal Batteries

Polymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN), with exceptional mechanical strength and ionic conductivity, is considered a potential electrolyte. However, the huge interfacial impedance of PAN-derived CN polar nitrile groups and Li anode limited its application. In this study, a double-stabilized interface was integrated by in situ polymerization of DOL between electrodes and a three-dimensional (3D) porous PAN polymer matrix containing SN plasticizer and LLZTO ceramic fillers to optimize the challenge of interfacial instability. The fabricated PDOL-PAN(SN/LLZTO)-PDOL composite solid electrolyte (CSE) exhibited the maximum ionic conductivities of 1.9 × 10–3 S cm–1 at room temperature and 2.5 × 10–3 S cm–1 at 60 °C, an electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 4.9 V, and a high Li+ transference number (tLi+) of 0.65. In addition, the side reactions of the PAN/Li metal were effectively prevented by inserting PDOL between the 3D porous membrane and Li electrode. Benefiting from the superior interface compatibility and ion conductivity, the Li symmetric battery showed more than 2000 h of cyclability. The solid Li/LiFePO4 full battery delivered excellent cycling performance, showing an original specific capacity of 136.2 mAh g–1 with a capacity retention of 90.1% after 350 cycles at 1C and 60 °C. Furthermore, the cycling of solid-state Li/NCM622 batteries also proved their application potential. This work presents an effective approach to solving interface problems of the PAN electrolyte for solid lithium-metal batteries (LMBs)

Facile Large-Scale Synthesis of Urea-Derived Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Extraordinary Visible-Light Spectrum Photodegradation

We report the large-scale synthesis of porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) in a direct heat treatment process by controlling the thermal condensation temperature of the low-cost urea precursor. An excellent linear relation between the yield of the urea-derived porous g-C₃N₄ (U-g-C₃N₄) and the input urea was experimentally demonstrated, and consequently, a large-scale yield >50 g in a batch was readily achieved. A series of morphology and structure characterizations revealed the actual evolutionary process of the temperature-dependent porous architecture of U-g-C₃N₄ and its inherent superiority. Furthermore, we demonstrated the extraordinary visible-light-driven photodegradation activity of large-scale U-g-C₃N₄ toward organic pollutants such as rhodamine B, safranine T, and α-naphthol. Such superior photodegradation performance and long-term photocatalytic stability, together with a scalable preparation method, may render as-fabricated U-g-C₃N₄ as a promising candidate for practical application in environmental remediation

Climate variability, animal reservoir and transmission of scrub typhus in Southern China

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>We aimed to evaluate the relationships between climate variability, animal reservoirs and scrub typhus incidence in Southern China.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We obtained data on scrub typhus cases in Guangzhou every month from 2006 to 2014 from the Chinese communicable disease network. Time-series Poisson regression models and distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) were used to evaluate the relationship between risk factors and scrub typhus.</p><p>Results</p><p>Wavelet analysis found the incidence of scrub typhus cycled with a period of approximately 8–12 months and long-term trends with a period of approximately 24–36 months. The DLNM model shows that relative humidity, rainfall, DTR, MEI and rodent density were associated with the incidence of scrub typhus.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our findings suggest that the incidence scrub typhus has two main temporal cycles. Determining the reason for this trend and how it can be used for disease control and prevention requires additional research. The transmission of scrub typhus is highly dependent on climate factors and rodent density, both of which should be considered in prevention and control strategies for scrub typhus.</p></div

Visible-Light-Responsive TiO₂‑Coated ZnO:I Nanorod Array Films with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Performance

Control of structural and compositional characteristics during fabrication of a versatile visible-light active ZnO-based photocatalyst is a crucial step toward improving photocatalytic pollutant degradation processes. In this work, we report a multifunctional photocatalytic electrode, i.e., TiO₂ coated ZnO:I nanorods (ZnO:I/TiO₂ NRs) array films, fabricated via a hydrothermal method and a subsequent wet-chemical process. This type of hybrid photocatalytic film not only enhances light absorption with the incorporation of iodine but also possesses increased electron transport capability and excellent chemical stability arising from the unique TiO₂-coated 1D structure. Owing to these synergic advantages, the degradation efficiency of the ZnO:I samples reached ∼97% after irradiation for 6 h, an efficiency 62% higher than that of pure ZnO. For RhB photocatalytic degradation experiments in both acidic (pH = 3) and alkaline (pH = 11) solutions, as well as in repeat photodegradation experiments, the ZnO:I/TiO₂ NRs films demonstrated high stability and durability under visible-light irradiation. Thus, ZnO:I/TiO₂ NRs are considered a promising photocatalytic material to degrade organic pollutants in aqueous eco-environments

Geographic location of Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China.

<p>Geographic location of Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China.</p

Temporal variation in the number of scrub typhus cases, climate variables, and rodent density in Guangzhou, Southern China, 2006–2014.

<p>Temporal variation in the number of scrub typhus cases, climate variables, and rodent density in Guangzhou, Southern China, 2006–2014.</p

The evolution of the periodic components of scrub typhus over time.

<p>The evolution of the periodic components of scrub typhus over time.</p

Lag-response between climate variables, including (A) land surface temperature, (B) relative humidity, (C) rainfall, and (D) diurnal temperature range and scrub typhus incidence over an 83-day period.

<p>The red lines are mean relative risks, and gray regions are 95% CIs.</p

The three dimensional relationships of land surface temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and diurnal temperature range (x-axis), lag (z-axis) and relative risk of scrub typhus incidence (y-axis).

<p>The three dimensional relationships of land surface temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and diurnal temperature range (x-axis), lag (z-axis) and relative risk of scrub typhus incidence (y-axis).</p

Additional file 2: of The adhesion and migration of microglia to β-amyloid (Aβ) is decreased with aging and inhibited by Nogo/NgR pathway

Figure S2. The locally proliferated microglia. (A) The locally proliferated microglia were quantified using IF staining of Ki67. (B) The ratio of Ki67+ cells/total cells (in %). Values were reported as mean ± SD. (PDF 458 kb