Assisted Housing Mobility and the Success of Low-Income Minority Families: Lessons for Policy, Practice, and Future Research

Based on results from the Gautreaux desegregation and Moving to Opportunity programs, discusses ways to make assisted housing mobility policies more effective in the long term, including experimenting with target populations and placement areas

Struggling to Stay Out of High-Poverty Neighborhoods: Lessons From the Moving to Opportunity Experiment

Analyzes the later relocation patterns of families who moved out of high-poverty areas in the Moving to Opportunity program, and explores the reasons why many returned to poorer neighborhoods over time while others remained in low-poverty areas

Can Escaping From Poor Neighborhoods Increase Employment and Earnings?

Examines whether families who moved to lower poverty areas through the Moving to Opportunity program benefited from more opportunities for employment and higher earnings, what factors affected outcomes, and how relocation intervention could be improved

Do Better Neighborhoods for MTO Families Mean Better Schools?

Explores the factors that kept children who moved to safer, lower-poverty neighborhoods through the Moving to Opportunity program from accessing better schools, such as lack of change in school district, lack of parental choice, and lack of information

When parallel speedups hit the memory wall

After Amdahl's trailblazing work, many other authors proposed analytical speedup models but none have considered the limiting effect of the memory wall. These models exploited aspects such as problem-size variation, memory size, communication overhead, and synchronization overhead, but data-access delays are assumed to be constant. Nevertheless, such delays can vary, for example, according to the number of cores used and the ratio between processor and memory frequencies. Given the large number of possible configurations of operating frequency and number of cores that current architectures can offer, suitable speedup models to describe such variations among these configurations are quite desirable for off-line or on-line scheduling decisions. This work proposes new parallel speedup models that account for variations of the average data-access delay to describe the limiting effect of the memory wall on parallel speedups. Analytical results indicate that the proposed modeling can capture the desired behavior while experimental hardware results validate the former. Additionally, we show that when accounting for parameters that reflect the intrinsic characteristics of the applications, such as degree of parallelism and susceptibility to the memory wall, our proposal has significant advantages over machine-learning-based modeling. Moreover, besides being black-box modeling, our experiments show that conventional machine-learning modeling needs about one order of magnitude more measurements to reach the same level of accuracy achieved in our modeling.Comment: 24 page

Previdência social: normas e cálculos de benefícios

Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra. STJ00081312 351.84(81) S729p 9.e

Representações sociais de mulheres no ciclo gravídico-puerperal sobre violência obstétrica

Objectives: To trace the biopsychosocial characteristics of women in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle and to analyze the social representations of these women on obstetric violence. Methodology: Descriptive study, qualitative approach, guided by the Theory of Social Representations conducted in the period from September 2021 to April 2022, with 40 women assisted in a maternity hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data was collected through a script of semi-structured interview and the technique of free association of words. The characterization was analyzed by simple descriptive statistics, the semi-structured interview by the thematic content technique proposed by Bardin and the free word association technique by Iramuteq software. Results: 82.5 % of the participants had a range of 18 and 29 years, 77.5% self-identified as pardas (mixed race), 25 % had completed high school and 65 % reported income from 1 to 3 minimum wages. Regarding obstetric history, 52,0% had gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks, 70.0% had not planned pregnancy, 42.5% had been admitted for labor and 87.5% were monitored. Obstetric violence is represented by women in a superficial way with a focus on the physical and emotional dimension, being in some moments naturalized. Conclusion: Obstetric violence is a serious problem experienced by the female public and the lack of knowledge can lead to naturalization, leaving them in a position of broad vulnerability. Keywords: Pregnancy; Postpartum period; Obstetric violence; Health care; Nursing.Objetivos: Trazar las características biopsicosociales de mujeres en el ciclo gravídico-puerperal y analizar las representaciones sociales de estas mujeres sobre violencia obstétrica. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativo, guiado por la teoría de las representaciones sociales, realizado en el período de septiembre de 2021 a abril de 2022, con 40 mujeres atendidas en una maternidad de Minas Gerais, en Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de un guion de entrevista semiestructurada y de la técnica de asociación libre de palabras. La caracterización fue analizada por la estadística descriptiva simple, la entrevista semiestructurada por la técnica de contenido temático propuesta por Bardin, y la técnica de asociación libre de palabras por el software Iramuteq. Resultados: 82.5 % de las participantes poseían rango de 18 y 29 años, 77.5 % se identificaron como pardas, 25 % poseían enseñanza media completa y 65 % refirieron renta de 1 a 3 salarios mínimos. En cuanto a la historia obstétrica, 52 % poseían edad gestacional entre 37 y 41 semanas, 70 % no habían planeado el embarazo, 42.5 % habían sido admitidas en trabajo de parto y 87.5 % estaban acompañadas. La violencia obstétrica es representada por las mujeres de manera superficial, con enfoque en la dimensión física y emocional, a veces naturalizada. Conclusión: La violencia obstétrica es una grave problemática vivida por el público femenino y la falta de conocimiento puede llevar a la naturalización, dejándolas en posición de amplia vulnerabilidad. Palabras-clave: Embarazo; Período posparto; Violencia obstétrica; Atención de salud; Enfermería.Objetivos: Traçar as características biopsicossociais das mulheres no ciclo grávido-puerperal e analisar as representações sociais dessas mulheres sobre a violência obstétrica. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, norteado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado no período de setembro de 2021 a abril de 2022, com 40 mulheres atendidas em uma maternidade de Minas Gerais, no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e da técnica de associação livre de palavras. A caracterização foi analisada pela estatística descritiva simples, a entrevista semiestruturada pela técnica de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin e a técnica de associação livre de palavras pelo software Iramuteq. Resultados: 82,5 % das participantes possuíam faixa de 18 e 29 anos, 77,5 % intitularam-se pardas, 25 % tinham ensino médio completo e 65 % referiram renda de 1 a 3 salários-mínimos. Quanto à história obstétrica, 52 % possuíam idade gestacional entre 37 e 41 semanas, 70 % não haviam planejado a gravidez, 42,5 % haviam sido admitidas em trabalho de parto e 87,5 % estavam acompanhadas. A violência obstétrica é representada pelas mulheres de maneira superficial com enfoque na dimensão física e emocional, sendo em alguns momentos naturalizada. Conclusão: A violência obstétrica é uma grave problemática vivenciada pelo público feminino e a falta de conhecimento pode levar à naturalização, deixando-as em posição de ampla vulnerabilidade. Palavras-chave: Gravidez; Período pós-parto; Violência Obstétrica; Assistência à Saúde; Enfermagem