Comparison of endosperm amyloplast development and degradation in waxy and non-waxy wheat

The waxy wheat shows special starch quality due to high amylopectin content. However, little information is available concerning the development and degradation of amyloplast from waxy wheat endosperm. To address this problem, waxy wheat variety, Yangnuo 1, and a non-waxy wheat variety, Yangmai 13, were chosen to investigate the development and degradation of endosperm amyloplast during wheat caryopsis development and germination stage respectively using histochemical staining and light microscopy. Changes of morphology, the soluble sugar and total starch content were indistinguishable in the process of caryopsis development of two wheat varieties. The developing endosperm of non-waxy was stained blue-black by I2-KI while the endosperm of waxy wheat was stained reddish-brown, but the pericarp of waxy and non-waxy wheat was stained blue-black. In contrast to nonwaxy wheat, endosperm amyloplast of waxy wheat had better development status and higher proportion of small amyloplast. During seed germination many small dissolution pores appeared on the surface of endosperm amyloplast and the pores became bigger and deeper until amyloplast disintegrated. The rate of degradation of waxy wheat endosperm amyloplast was faster than non-waxy wheat. Our results may also be helpful to the use of waxy starch in food and nonfood industry

Evidence for the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Lambda_c+ --> p eta and search for Lambda_c+ --> p pi0

We study the singly Cabibbo suppressed decays Lambda_c+ --> p eta and Lambda_c+ → pπ0 using Lambda+Lambda_c- pairs produced by e+e- collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) =4.6 GeV. The data sample was collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb-1. We find the first evidence for the decay Lambda_c+ --> p eta with a statistical significance of 4.2 sigma and measure its branching fraction to be B( Lambda_c+ --> p eta)=(1.24±0.28(stat)±0.10(syst))10-3. No significant Lambda_c+ --> p pi0 signal is observed. We set an upper limit on its branching fraction B( Lambda_c+ --> p pi0)<2.7x10-4 at the 90% confidence level

Observation of χc2→η′η′\chi_{c2}\to\eta'\eta' and χc0,2→ηη′\chi_{c0,2}\to\eta\eta'

Using a sample of 448.1×106  ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector in 2009 and 2012, we study the decays χc0,2→η′η′ and ηη′. The decays χc2→η′η′, χc0→ηη′ and χc2→ηη′ are observed for the first time with statistical significances of 9.6σ, 13.4σ and 7.5σ, respectively. The branching fractions are determined to be B(χc0→η′η′)=(2.19±0.03±0.14)×10-3, B(χc2→η′η′)=(4.76±0.56±0.38)×10-5, B(χc0→ηη′)=(8.92±0.84±0.65)×10-5 and B(χc2→ηη′)=(2.27±0.43±0.25)×10-5, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The precision for the measurement of B(χc0→η′η′) is significantly improved compared to previous measurements. Based on the measured branching fractions, the role played by the doubly and singly Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka disconnected transition amplitudes for χc0,2 decays into pseudoscalar meson pairs can be clarified.Using a sample of $447.9\times 10^6$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector in 2009 and 2012, we study the decays $\chi_{c0,2}\to$ $\eta'\eta'$ and $\eta\eta'$. The decays $\chi_{c2}\to\eta'\eta'$, $\chi_{c0}\to\eta\eta'$ and $\chi_{c2}\to\eta\eta'$ are observed for the first time with statistical significances of $9.6\sigma$, $13.4\sigma$ and $7.5\sigma$, respectively. The branching fractions are determined to be $\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c0}\to\eta'\eta') =(2.19\pm0.03\pm0.14)\times10^{-3}$, $\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c2}\to\eta'\eta') = (4.76\pm0.56\pm0.38)\times10^{-5}$, $\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c0}\to\eta\eta') = (8.92\pm0.84\pm0.65)\times10^{-5}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c2}\to\eta\eta') = (2.27\pm0.43\pm0.25)\times10^{-5}$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The precision for the measurement of $\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c0}\to\eta'\eta')$ is significantly improved compared to previous measurements. Based on the measured branching fractions, the role played by the doubly and singly Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka disconnected transition amplitudes for $\chi_{c0,2}$ decays into pseudoscalar meson pairs can be clarified

Measurement of the phase between strong and electromagnetic amplitudes of J/ψ decays

Using 16 energy points of e+e− annihilation data collected in the vicinity of the J/ψ resonance with the BESIII detector and with a total integrated luminosity of around 100pb−1, we study the relative phase between the strong and electromagnetic amplitudes of J/ψ decays. The relative phase between J/ψ electromagnetic decay and the continuum process (e+e− annihilation without the J/ψ resonance) is confirmed to be zero by studying the cross section lineshape of μ+μ− production. The relative phase between J/ψ strong and electromagnetic decays is then measured to be (84.9±3.6)∘ or (−84.7±3.1)∘ for the 2(π+π−)π0 final state by investigating the interference pattern between the J/ψ decay and the continuum process. This is the first measurement of the relative phase between J/ψ strong and electromagnetic decays into a multihadron final state using the lineshape of the production cross section. We also study the production lineshape of the multihadron final state ηπ+π− with η→π+π−π0, which provides additional information about the phase between the J/ψ electromagnetic decay amplitude and the continuum process. Additionally, the branching fraction of J/ψ→2(π+π−)π0 is measured to be (4.73±0.44)% or (4.85±0.45)%, and the branching fraction of J/ψ→ηπ+π− is measured to be (3.78±0.68)×10−4. Both of them are consistent with the world average values. The quoted uncertainties include both statistical and systematic uncertainties, which are mainly caused by the low statistics. Keywords: Phase, Strong amplitude, Electromagnetic amplitude, J/ψ decay, BESII