Day-ahead optimization of integrated electricity and thermal system combining multiple types of demand response strategies and situation awareness technology

Under the dual pressure of energy shortage and environmental pollution, relying only on increasing the installed capacity of units and line transmission capacity cannot cope with the conflict between the growth of power demand and the difficulty of grid expansion in the long run. Demand response conducts users to change their energy consumption habits through system-issued electricity prices or incentives, so that the demand of the load side can be adjusted flexibly, which can further enhance the consumption of wind power and improve system economics. Based on the background of diversified energy use, this paper proposes a day-ahead optimal scheduling strategy for integrated electricity and thermal system considering multiple types of demand response. Firstly, the dispatch framework of integrated electricity and thermal system with the situation awareness technology is constructed to address uncertainties of Renewable Energy Sources, thus helping system mitigate uncertain risks. Secondly, the demand response mechanism of power system and regional thermal inertia of thermal system are modeled, respectively, to uncover the principles of load regulation of different energy systems; Then, a day-ahead optimal scheduling model for the integrated thermal and electricity system is developed, and the consumption evaluation index is integrated to indicate energy utilization efficiency; Finally, a combined electric-heat system model with 39-node grid and 6-node heat network is developed, and the positive effects of considering multiple types of demand response and situation awareness technology on promoting the consumption of renewable energy and improving the energy efficiency of the system are verified through the case study

Pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by HBV and HCV infection

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Surgery is the preferred therapy for patients with small HCC; however, there still lack effective therapies for advanced HCC and postoperative recurrence and metastasis, leading to its high mortality. Persistent hepatitis virus infection, mainly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, is the most important cause of HCC. Through various signal transduction mechanisms, hepatitis virus changes gene expression in hepatocytes, blocks or alters immune response, regulates the microenvironment in the liver, and thus promotes the development and progression of HCC. This article reviews the pathogenesis of HCC induced by HBV and HCV infection, in order to provide new approaches for the prevention and treatment of HCC

Overview on the Design of Magnetically Assisted Electrochemical Biosensors

Electrochemical biosensors generally require the immobilization of recognition elements or capture probes on the electrode surface. This may limit their practical applications due to the complex operation procedure and low repeatability and stability. Magnetically assisted biosensors show remarkable advantages in separation and pre-concentration of targets from complex biological samples. More importantly, magnetically assisted sensing systems show high throughput since the magnetic materials can be produced and preserved on a large scale. In this work, we summarized the design of electrochemical biosensors involving magnetic materials as the platforms for recognition reaction and target conversion. The recognition reactions usually include antigen–antibody, DNA hybridization, and aptamer–target interactions. By conjugating an electroactive probe to biomolecules attached to magnetic materials, the complexes can be accumulated near to an electrode surface with the aid of external magnet field, producing an easily measurable redox current. The redox current can be further enhanced by enzymes, nanomaterials, DNA assemblies, and thermal-cycle or isothermal amplification. In magnetically assisted assays, the magnetic substrates are removed by a magnet after the target conversion, and the signal can be monitored through stimuli–response release of signal reporters, enzymatic production of electroactive species, or target-induced generation of messenger DNA

Astaxanthin attenuated cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis via decreasing oxidative DNA damage in airway epithelium

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung inflammatory disease that is associated with environmental allergic component exposure. Cigarette smoke is an environmental toxicant that induces lung malfunction leading to various pulmonary diseases. Astaxanthin (AST) is a carotenoid that shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which might be a promising candidate for COPD therapy. In this study, we released that AST could attenuate cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. AST administration ameliorated cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced activation of Caspase-3 and apoptosis. Pretreated mice with AST significantly decrease CSE-induced DNA damage which shows lower nuclear γ-H2AX level. AST treatment also dramatically reduces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by suppressing the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase enzyme 4 (NOX4) and dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1). Taken together, this study suggested that AST can decrease CSE-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by inhibiting NOX4/DUOX1 expression that promotes ROS generation. AST may be a potential protective agent against CSE-associated lung disease that is worth in-depth investigation

Understanding 2D Semiconductor Edges by Combining Local and Nonlocal Effects: The Case of MoSi₂N₄

Similar to surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) bulk materials, edges are inevitable in 2D materials and have been studied a lot (e.g., for MoS2). In the current work, taking the ambient-stable MoSi2N4 as an example, nonpolar and polar edges as well as polar-edge reconstructions are studied based on first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that a combination of the “local” electron counting model (ECM) at edges and “nonlocal” charge polarity analysis (CPA) across the ribbon is essential for a unified understanding of the “local” edge properties and edge reconstructions in the following aspects. For pristine edges, the semiconducting (metallic) property of nonpolar armchair (polar zigzag) edges is related to CPA, and the spin-paired (spin-polarized) electronic structure of nonpolar (polar) edges is related to the ECM. For polar-edge reconstructions: (1) the polar edges become semiconducting when the reversed dipole from edge-reconstruction partially cancels the accumulated electric dipole within the ribbon; (2) the polar edges can further be spin-paired when edge-reconstruction fulfills the ECM for both the double cation (Mo, Si)-edge and the anion N-edge; and (3) ECM and CPA give the same conclusion for edge-reconstruction. Our analysis of combining ECM and CPA not only gives the general guidance for obtaining spin-paired and semiconducting polar edges but also potentially helps deepen the understanding of edges of other 2D layered materials

House dust mite-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates MUC5AC hypersecretion via TBK1 in airway epithelium

Purpose: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates mucus hypersecretion, and may activate downstream factors via TBK1 signaling to induce gene expression. However, it remains unclear whether ER stress promotes airway mucus secretion through the TBK1 pathway. We aimed to investigate the role of the TBK1 pathway in the regulation of MUC5AC expression in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma. Materials and Methods: Mice with HDM-induced asthma and human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were treated with amlexanox, an anti-allergy drug (25 μM), or 4-PBA (10 mM). Tissue and cell samples were collected. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to evaluate pathology. Protein expression was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results: Mice exposed to HDM presented ER stress and hypersecretion of mucus Muc5ac from airway epithelial cells (p in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that HDM-induced ER stress induced MUC5AC overexpression via TBK1 signaling. Amlexanox and 4-PBA markedly reduced mucus production and weakened the TBK1 signal, which mediates MUC5AC hypersecretion. Conclusion: TBK1 plays a pivotal role in HDM-induced ER stress, leading to overproduction of MUC5AC in the asthmatic airway epithelium. The overproduction of MUC5AC can be significantly decreased by inhibiting TBK1 or ER stress using 4-PBA. These findings highlight potential target-specific therapies for patients with chronic allergic asthma.</p

Nursing of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis resulting in the formation of a cavity in the upper lobe of the right lung causing hemoptysis (1例2型糖尿病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病致右肺上叶空洞形成致大咯血患者的护理体会)

This paper summarized the nursing of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis resulting in the formation of a cavity in the upper lobe of the right lung causing hemoptysis. Nurses had closely observe the changes in the patient's condition and carried out comprehensive interventions including hemoptysis care, dietary care, disinfection and isolation, cough and sputum production and oxygen therapy care, Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing, psychological care and health education. Efforts were made to reduce the risk of hemoptysis, control the blood glucose, improve immunity and quality of life of the patient. (本文总结1例2型糖尿病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病导致右肺上叶空洞形成致大咯血患者的护理的经验。患入院后密切观察病情变化, 给予咯血护理、饮食护理、消毒隔离、咳嗽咳痰及氧疗护理、中医护理、心理护理以及健康宣教, 降低患者咯血风险, 积极控制血糖, 增强机体抵抗力, 提高生活质量。