The relation of H2CO, 12CO, and 13CO in molecular clouds

Aims. We seek to understand how the 4.8 GHz formaldehyde absorption line is distributed in the MON R2, S156, DR17/L906, and M17/M18 regions. More specifically, we look for the relationship among the H2CO, 12CO, and 13CO spectral lines. Methods. The four regions of MON R2 (60'x90'), S156 (5'0x70'), DR17/L906 (40'x60'), and M17 /M18 (70'x80')were observed for H2CO (beam 10'), H110a recombination (beam 10'), 6 cm continuum (beam 10'), 12CO (beam 1'), and 13CO (beam 1'). We compared the H2CO,12CO,13CO, and continuum distributions, and also the spectra line parameters of H2CO,12CO, and 13CO. Column densities of H2CO,13CO, and H2 were also estimated. Results. We found out that the H2CO distribution is similar to the 12CO and the 13CO distributions on a large scale. The correlation between the 13 CO and the H2CO distributions is better than between the 12CO and H2CO distributions. The H2CO and the 13CO tracers systematically provide consistent views of the dense regions. T heir maps have similar shapes, sizes, peak positions, and molecular spectra and present similar centr al velocities and line widths. Such good agreement indicates that the H2CO and the 13CO arise from similar regions.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures published, 201

Longitudinal fluctuations and decorrelations of anisotropic flows in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We study the longitudinal decorrelations of elliptic, triangular and quadrangular flows in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and RHIC energies. The event-by-event CLVisc (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics model, combined with the fully fluctuating AMPT initial conditions, is utilized to simulate the space-time evolution of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma. Detailed analysis is performed for the longitudinal decorrelations of flow vectors, flow magnitudes and flow orientations. We find strong correlations between final-state longitudinal decorrelations of anisotropic flows and initial-state longitudinal structures and collision geometry: while the decorrelation of elliptic flow shows a non-monotonic centrality dependence due to initial elliptic geometry, typically the longitudinal flow decorrelations are larger in lower energy and less central collisions where the mean lengths of the string structure are shorter in the initial states.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of Quark Matter 201

Finite iterative algorithms for solving generalized coupled Sylvester systems – Part I: One-sided and generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations over generalized reflexive solutions

AbstractThe generalized coupled Sylvester systems play a fundamental role in wide applications in several areas, such as stability theory, control theory, perturbation analysis, and some other fields of pure and applied mathematics. The iterative method is an important way to solve the generalized coupled Sylvester systems. In this two-part article, finite iterative methods are proposed for solving one-sided (or two-sided) and generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations and the corresponding optimal approximation problem over generalized reflexive solutions (or reflexive solutions). In part I, an iterative algorithm is constructed to solve one-sided and coupled Sylvester matrix equations (AY−ZB,CY−ZD)=(E,F) over generalized reflexive matrices Y and Z. When the matrix equations are consistent, for any initial generalized reflexive matrix pair [Y1,Z1], the generalized reflexive solutions can be obtained by the iterative algorithm within finite iterative steps in the absence of round-off errors, and the least Frobenius norm generalized reflexive solution pair can be obtained by choosing a special kind of initial matrix pair. The unique optimal approximation generalized reflexive solution pair [Y^,Z^] to a given matrix pair [Y0,Z0] in Frobenius norm can be derived by finding the least-norm generalized reflexive solution pair [Y∼∗,Z∼∗] of two new corresponding generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations (AY∼-Z∼B,CY∼-Z∼D)=(E∼,F∼), where E∼=E-AY0+Z0B,F∼=F-CY0+Z0D. Several numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the presented iterative algorithm

Effect of Buyanghuangwu recipe on exhausted mice skeletal muscle mitochondrial ultrastructure and function

目的  通过建立小鼠游泳运动疲劳模型，探讨补阳还五汤（BYHWT）对运动性疲劳小鼠骨骼肌线粒体超微结构及蛋白AMPK表达的影响。方法  实验选用健康雄性清洁级SD小鼠48只，随机均分为对照组和补阳还五汤低、中、高剂量组，每组12只。常规饲料喂养外，BYHWT低、中、高剂量组分别给予12.5ｇ/kg、25.0ｇ/kg、50.0ｇ/kg的BYHWT灌胃，对照组给予等量生理盐水，连续给药7天，采用负重游泳实验建立小鼠力竭模型。用透射电镜观察骨骼肌细胞线粒体超微结构，Real-time PCR法测定骨骼肌AMPK蛋白表达。结果  运动性疲劳小鼠骨骼肌线粒体数量明显减少，线粒体空泡样变，嵴断裂显著，核染色质浓缩边集、核缩小、核膜增厚，而补阳还五汤药物干预后，骨骼肌线粒体形态趋于正常；模型组大鼠骨骼肌组织AMPK蛋白表达水平较正常对照组、补阳还五汤组明显降低，差异有显著性（P＜0.05），而正常对照组和补阳还五汤组间差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论  补阳还五汤具有一定的抗运动性疲劳作用，其机制可能与其减少线粒体损伤，增强线粒体功能，增加骨骼肌AMPK蛋白表达有关。Objective: Discusses the influence that Buyanghuangwu recipe for exercise-induced fatigue mice skeletal muscle mitochondrial ultrastructure and the influence of AMPK protein expression, by establishing mice swimming exercise fatigue model. Methods: 48 SD mice of healthy male at clean level were chose to do experiments, randomly divided into control group and BYHWR low, medium and high group, each group of 12. Regular feed, BYHWR low, medium and high group were given 12.5g/kg, 25.0g/kg, 50.0g/kg for BYHWR to fill the stomach, the control group given amount of normal saline, administered continuously for 7d, weight loading swimming experiment is adopted to establish the mice model of exhaustion. Skeletal muscle cells are observed by transmission electron microscope mitochondria ultrastructure, Real-time PCR method skeletal muscle AMPK protein expression. Results: The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle of exercise-induced fatigue mice decreased significantly, mitochondrial vacuole degeneration, rupture of mitochondria were obvious, nucleus chromatin concentrated edge set, nucleus contracted and nuclear membrane thickened. After intervention of BYHWR, skeletal muscle The expression of AMPK protein in the skeletal muscle of the model group was significantly lower than that of the normal control group and the group of BYHWR group (P<0.05). The expression of AMPK protein in the normal control group and BYHWR group was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: BYHWR group has certain resistance exercise fatigue, and its mechanisms potentially increase AMPK protein expression in skeletal muscle, reduce mitochondrial damage, and strengthen the function of mitochondria

Constraining the equation of state with heavy quarks in the quasi-particle model of QCD matter

In a quasi-particle model of QCD matter at finite temperature with thermal masses for quarks and gluons from hard thermal loops, the equation of state (EOS) can be described by an effective temperature dependence of the strong coupling $g(T)$. Assuming the same effective coupling between the exchanged gluon and thermal partons, the EOS can also be related to parton energy loss.} Based on the quasi-particle linear Boltzmann transport (QLBT) model coupled to a (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) evolution and a hybrid fragmentation-coalescence model for heavy quark hadronization, we perform a Bayesian analysis of the experimental data on $D$ meson suppression $R_{\rm AA}$ and anisotropy $v_2$ at RHIC and the LHC. We achieve a simultaneous constraint on the QGP EOS and the heavy quark transport coefficient, both consistent with the lattice QCD results.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure