The Adsorption of CHS-1 Resin for Cr (VI) of Low Concentration from Electroplating Wastewater

AbstractThe adsorption property of CHS-1 resin for Cr (VI) was investigated by chemical analysis. Experiment results show that CHS-1 resin has the best adsorption ability for Cr (VI) at pH=2-3. The exchange adsorption rate of the resin for Cr (VI) at low concentration is controlled by liquid film diffusion and chemical reaction. The behavior obeys the Freundlich isotherm and Langmuir equation. Its saturated sorption capacity is 347.22mg/g at 298K. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters, enthalpy change ΔH and free energy change ΔG298 of the adsorption are 1.39kJ/mol and -5.3kJ/mol. Cr (VI) adsorbed on CHS-1 resin can be eluted by 5% NaOH -5% NaCl quantitatively without apparent decrease in sorption capacity

(E)-N′-[(2-Hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]nicotinohydrazide

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C17H13N3O2, the naphthyl ring system and the pyridine ring form a dihedral angle of 12.2 (3)°. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond generates a six-membered ring with an S(6) ring motif. This also contributes to the relative overall near planarity of the mol­ecule [r.m.s. deviation of all 22 non-H atoms = 0.107 (5) Å]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a axis

An Efficient Process for Pretreatment of Lignocelluloses in Functional Ionic Liquids

Background and Aims. The complex structure of the lignocelluloses is the main obstacle in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable products. Ionic liquids provide the opportunities for their efficient pretreatment for biomass. Therefore, in this work, pretreatment of corn stalk was carried out in ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl, 1-H-3-methylimidazolium chloride [HMIM]Cl, and 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-imidazolium chloride [HSO3-pMIM]Cl at 70°C for 2 h. We compared the pretreatments by ionic liquid with and without the addition of deionized water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the chemical characteristics of regenerated cellulose-rich materials. Results. [HMIM]Cl and [HSO3-pMIM]Cl were effective in lignin extraction to obtain cellulose-rich materials. FTIR analysis and SEM analysis indicated the effective lignin removal and the reduced crystallinity of cellulose-rich materials. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-rich materials was performed efficiently. High yields of reducing sugar and glucose were obtained when the corn stalk was pretreated by [HMIM]Cl and [HSO3-pMIM]Cl. Conclusions. Ionic liquids provided the ideal environment for lignin extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk and [HMIM]Cl and [HSO3-pMIM]Cl proved the most efficient ionic liquids. This simple and environmentally acceptable method has a great potential for the preparation of bioethanol for industrial production

Forest Soil Heterogeneity and Soil Sampling Protocols on Limestone Outctops: Example from SW China

Forest soil heterogeneity of outcrop karst was studied by testing soil organic carbon at a selected 20 m × 30 m plot set up in Maolan primitive karst forest area, southern Guizhou Province, China. 90 microhabitats in the plot are roughly classified into 7 distinct microhabitat There was great heterogeneity in the plot not only for soil distribution but for great difference of soil organic carbon content. Soil organic carbon (SOC) contents were much higher, ranging from 40.1 g/kg to 203.5 g/kg. The CV (coefficient of variation) value of SOC from 38 soil sampling points, 22 sampling microhabitats, each microhabitat type, and individual microhabitat was 43%, 41%, 2.2% to 42%, 14% to 57.3% respectively. This showed high soil heterogeneity in terms of soil distributing pattern, size and soil organic carbon SOC content in outcropped karst. Different methods were applied to calculate SOC content in the plot. Small discrepancies suggested that the mixed soil samples collected from the major microhabitat types covering 95% soil distributing area were capable of representing soil nutrient status of the whole plot

Protective effect of fasudil hydrochloride against acute renal injury in septicopyemia rats

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of fasudil hydrochloride against acute renal injury in septicopyemia rats.MethodsA total of 60 Wister rats were included in the study and divided into control group (n = 10), model group (n = 25) and treatment group (n = 25). Model group and treatment group received intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (ET) to establish acute renal injury models while the control group only received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline 1 mL. Five rats were taken out of model group and treatment group respectively at 1 h (T1), 6 h (T2), 12 h (T3), 24 h (T4) and 48 h (T5), for intraperitoneal injection of ET 30 mg/kg. Treatment group received intraperitoneal injection of fasudil hydrochloride 30 mg/kg 1 h before injection of ET. For three groups, 5 mL blood samples were collected from postcava for determination of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels at different time points. Concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor α and ET-1 were determined by using ELISA. The renal pathologic changes were observed under the microscope.ResultsSerum creatinine levels in both model group and treatment group were significantly higher than control group at T2–T5 (P < 0.05) while the levels in treatment group were significantly lower than control group at T3–T5 (P < 0.05). At T2–T5, blood urea nitrogen levels in model group and treatment group were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05) while the levels in treatment group were significantly lower than model group at T3–T5 (P < 0.05). Concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor α in model group and treatment group were significantly higher than control group at T1–T5 (P < 0.05) while the levels in treatment group were significantly lower than model group at T1–T5 (P < 0.05). Serum ET-1 concentrations in model group and treatment group were significantly higher than control group at T1–T5 (P < 0.05) while the levels in treatment group at T1–T4 were significantly lower than model group (P < 0.05). Rats in control group showed no swelling or hyperemia in kidney cells but normal structure and normally arranged renal tubular epithelial cells. Obvious injury was observed in model group at T3 and renal tubular epithelial cells in disorder and at swelling condition, hyperemia and angiectasis in glomerulus, degenerative opacities and vacuolar degeneration, and maximized injury were observed at T4. Injury in renal tissue in treatment group was significantly milder than model group.ConclusionsFasudil hydrochloride has the significantly protective effect against acute renal injury in septicopyemia rats