Polyamidoamine dendrimers inhibit binding of Tat peptide to TAR RNA

AbstractThe binding of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer or Tat peptide to trans-acting responsive element (TAR) RNA has been studied using microgravimetric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Experimental results showed that PAMAM dendrimer could form complexes with TAR RNA. Especially, PAMAM dendrimer could disrupt the interaction of Tat peptide with TAR RNA, which is essential for HIV-1 virus replication, suggesting that QCM is a powerful tool for studying the binding processes of Tat peptide–TAR RNA and drug–TAR RNA and has great significance for the design of new drugs. An equation to measure the binding ability between TAR RNA and other species has been proposed

High level expression of human epithelial β-defensins (hBD-1, 2 and 3) in papillomavirus induced lesions

BACKGROUND: Epithelial defensins including human β-defensins (hBDs) and α-defensins (HDs) are antimicrobial peptides that play important roles in the mucosal defense system. However, the role of defensins in papillomavirus induced epithelial lesions is unknown. RESULTS: Papilloma tissues were prospectively collected from 15 patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and analyzed for defensins and chemokine IL-8 expression by quantitative, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. HBD-1, -2 and -3 mRNAs were detectable in papilloma samples from all RRP patients and the levels were higher than in normal oral mucosal tissues from healthy individuals. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that both hBD-1 and 2 were localized in the upper epithelial layers of papilloma tissues. Expression of hBD-2 and hBD-3 appeared to be correlated as indicated by scatter plot analysis (r = 0.837, p < 0.01) suggesting that they were co-inducible in papillomavirus induced lesions. Unlike hBDs, only low levels of HD5 and HD6 were detectable in papillomas and in oral mucosa. CONCLUSION: Human β-defensins are upregulated in respiratory papillomas. This novel finding suggests that hBDs might contribute to innate and adaptive immune responses targeted against papillomavirus-induced epithelial lesions

Study on the immunogencity of poly(D,L-lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA) microspheres-encapsulated vaccine preparation against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

The purpose of the experiment is to study the poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres of coated in fish vaccine formulations. In this study, we prepared Pseudomonas bacteria widowed raise PLGA microspheres vaccine by double emulsion evaporation maltophilia. It was prepared to support the completion of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia oligonucleotide PLGA microspheres vaccine through injection as well as oral and immersion in three ways inoculated based on body weight (100 ± 5g) of channel catfish, each has five immunization groups, of which three group were different doses of the immune group, the other two groups were not coated with S. maltophilia raising vaccination with inactivated Aeromonas group and the control group. During the 0, 28 and 56th day, the immunization group were processed in same way. Collection of blood and measuring of immune-related indicators at 0, 7th, 21st, 35th and 49th day were carried out. At the 63th day, 0.2 ml of each fish at the concentration of 1 × 109 cfu/ml of Stenotrophomonas widow raising a single cell suspension of viable bacteria was injected into the Channel catfish. Continuous observation and recording of the results of each group shows that the experimental vaccine preparation of PLGA microspheres encapsulation efficiency was 88.93%, the immunization route vaccine group versus those in saline control group significantly enhance the phagocytic activity of white blood cells, serum lysozyme, complement C3, serum protein content and antibody IgM levels. Channel catfish immunized by injection were challenged with live S. maltophilia, the relative survival rates of group 3 was 9.16% higher than group 5; however group 1 was 15% lower than group 5 ,group 2 was 1.67%. Another five groups immunized by oral vaccination were challenged with S. maltophilia, the relative survival rates of group 1 to group 3 were 43.33, 65 and 75%, but group 5 was only 6.68%. Conclusively, injection and oral vaccination of Stenotrophomonas widow raising Aeromonas vaccine PLGA microspheres in Channel catfish has a good immune protective effect, while the immersion of the protective effect of various immunization groups was not obvious.Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide), Ictalurus punctatus, vaccin

Study on muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment in BLMSSM via the mass insertion approximation

There are 4.2 $\sigma$ deviations between the updated experimental results of muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (MDM) and the corresponding theoretical prediction of the Standard Model (SM). We calculate the muon MDM in the framework of the MSSM extension with local gauged baryon and lepton numbers (BLMSSM). In this paper, we discuss how the muon MDM depends on the parameters in the BLMSSM in detail within the mass insertion approximation. Among the many parameters, $\tan{\beta}$, $g_L$, $m_{\lambda_L}$ and $\mu_H$ are more sensitive parameters. Considering the experimental limitations, our best numerical result of $a^{BL}_{\mu}$ is around $2.5 \times 10^{-9}$, which can well compensate the departure between the experiment data and SM prediction

Study lepton flavor violation Bd→li±lj∓B_d\rightarrow{{l_i}^{\pm}{l_j}^{\mp}} within the Mass Insertion Approximation

We study lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays $B_d\rightarrow{{l_i}^{\pm}{l_j}^{\mp}}$($B_d\rightarrow e{\mu}$, $B_d\rightarrow e{\tau}$ and $B_d\rightarrow {\mu}{\tau}$) in the $U(1)_X$SSM, which is the $U(1)_X$ extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model(MSSM). The local gauge group of $U(1)_X$SSM is $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_X$. These processes are strictly forbidden in the standard model(SM), but these LFV decays are a signal of new physics(NP). We use the Mass Insertion Approximation(MIA) to find sensitive parameters that directly influence the result of the branching ratio of LFV decay $B_d\rightarrow{{l_i}^{\pm}{l_j}^{\mp}}$. Combined with the latest experimental results, we analyze the relationship between different sensitive parameters and the branching ratios of the three processes. According to the numerical analysis, we can conclude that the main sensitive parameters and LFV sources are the non-diagonal terms of the slepton mass matrix

Theoretical Corrections of RDR_D and RD∗R_{D^*}

$R_{D^{(*)}}$ is the ratio of branching ratio $\overline{B} \rightarrow D^{(*)}\tau\overline{\nu}_{\tau}$ to $\overline{B} \rightarrow D^{(*)}l\overline{\nu}_{l}$. There is a gap of $2\sigma_{exp}$ or more between its experimental value and the prediction under the standard model(SM). People extend the MSSM with the local gauge group $U(1)_X$ to obtain the $U(1)_X$SSM. Compared with MSSM, $U(1)_X$SSM has more superfields and effects. In $U(1)_X$SSM, we research the decays $\overline{B} \rightarrow D^{(*)}l\overline{\nu}_{l}$ and calculate $R_{D^{(*)}}$. The obtained numerical results of $R_{D^{(*)}}$ are further corrected under $U(1)_X$SSM, which is much better than the SM predictions. After correction, the theoretical value of $R_{D^{(*)}}$ can reach in one $\sigma_{exp}$ range of the averaged experiment central value

Expressions of B7-H4 and B7-H3 Proteins and Effect of Sorafenib on their Expressions in Different Human Hepatoma Cell Lines

Purpose: To study whether B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins can be candidate drug targets for preventing and treating hepatoma.Methods: Western blot assay was used to study the expressions of B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins and the effect of sorafenib on their expressions in different human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, BEL- 7402, BEL-7404, BEL-7405, QGY-7701, QGY-7703, SMMC-7721, MHCC97H, MHCC97L, HCCLM3 and HCCLM6). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to study the cytotoxicity of sorafenib against different human hepatoma cell lines.Results: The expressions of B7-H3 (0.26 - 0.84 μM) and B7-H4 (0.18 - 0.78 μM) proteins in different human hepatoma cell lines were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) up-regulated, compared with that of the normal human liver cell line (HL-7702) (0.09 and 0.08 μM). Sorafenib was cytotoxic on Hep3B, BEL-7404, MHCC97H, HCCLM3 and HCCLM6 cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 14.56, 9.14, 9.46, 17.21 and 9.29 μM, respectively. After treatment with sorafenib at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μM, the expressions of B7-H3 protein in MHCC97H, HCCLM3 and HCCLM6 cells and the expressions of B7-H4 protein in Hep3B, BEL-7404 and MHCC97H cells were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) down-regulated, compared with that of the control.Conclusion: Over-expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins is common in different human hepatoma cell lines and thus, B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins may be regarded as candidate drug targets for preventing and treating hepatoma.Keywords: Hepatoma, B7-H3, B7-H4, Sorafenib, Over-expression, Cytotoxic activity, Down-regulatio

B0−B0ˉB^{0}-\bar{B^{0}} mixing in the U(1)XU(1)_XSSM

$U(1)_X$SSM is a non-universal Abelian extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and its local gauge group is extended to $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y\times U(1)_X$. Based on the latest data of neutral meson mixing and experimental limitations, we investigate the process of $B^{0}-\bar{B^{0}}$ mixing in $U(1)_X$SSM. Using the effective Hamiltonian method, the Wilson coefficients and mass difference $\triangle m_{B}$ are derived. The abundant numerical results verify that $~v_S,~M^2_D,~\lambda_C,~{\mu},~M_2,~\tan{\beta},~g_{YX},~M_1$ and $~\lambda_H$ are sensitive parameters to the process of $B^{0}-\bar{B^{0}}$ mixing. With further measurement in the experiment, the parameter space of the $U(1)_X$SSM will be further constrained during the mixing process of $B^{0}-\bar{B^{0}}$