Combination of rehydrated sodium caseinate aqueous solution with blackcurrant concentrate and the formation of encapsulates via spray drying and freeze drying: Alterations to the functional properties of protein

The practical applications of protein ingredients in the preservation of bioactive compounds are of research interest. In this study, an aqueous solution of sodium caseinate was combined with blackcurrant concentrate to produce novel protein ingredients using spray-drying and freeze-drying techniques. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that both spray-drying and freeze-drying strategies effectively delivered the anthocyanins of blackcurrant concentrate. Cyanidin and delphinidin contents in spray-dried samples 71.39 ± 1.07 μg/g and 83.55 ± 1.04 μg/g, respectively, while in the freeze-dried sample, cyanidin and delphinidin contents were at 53.61 ± 0.13 μg/g and 59.55 ± 0.54 μg/g, respectively. The physical and functional properties of sodium caseinate ingredients were altered by both drying strategies and also through the addition of blackcurrant concentrate. Drying processes influenced the shape and size of particles, and ultimately altered the rehydration properties of the protein ingredients. The inclusion of blackcurrant concentrate for sodium caseinate ingredients and the spray-and freeze-drying strategies altered the physical properties (particle size distribution, bulk density, and morphology), functional properties (water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, foamability, and foam stability), and nutritional values of sodium caseinate ingredients, providing new options for the development and innovation of food products. Novelty impact statement: The research is novel in generating sodium caseinate-based blackcurrant concentrate encapsulates by spray-drying and freeze-drying. This research advances current understanding by illustrating the modifications in protein functional properties, while maintaining bioactivity. The research could be applied in generating novel food systems for health enhancement

Multi-scale simulation of the 1,3-butadiene extraction separation process with an ionic liquid additive

A multi-scale simulation method is proposed to enable screening of ionic liquids (ILs) as entrainers in extractive distillation. The 1,3-butadiene production process with acetonitrile (ACN) was chosen as a research case to validate the feasibility of the methodology. Ab initio calculations were first carried out to further understand the influence of ionic liquids on the selectivity of ACN and the solubility of C(4) fractions in [C(n)MIM][PF(6)](n = 2-8), [C(2)MIM][X] (X = BF(4)(-), Cl(-), PF(6)(-), Br(-)), by investigating the microstructure and intermolecular interaction in the mixture of C(4) fractions and several selected ionic liquids. It was found that the selectivity of the ionic liquid is determined by both its polarity and hydrogen-bonding ability. Based on the analysis, a suitable ionic liquid was chosen. With the ab initio calculation, a priori prediction of thermophysical data of the IL-containing system was performed with COSMO-RS. The calculation revealed that the selectivity of the extractive solvent was increased by an average of 3.64% after adding [C(2)MIM][PF(6)]. With above calculations, an improved ACN extraction distillation process using ILs as an entrainer was proposed, and a configuration for the new process was constructed. Based on the established thermodynamic models which have considered the properties from the molecular structure of ILs, process simulation was performed to obtain the process parameters which are important for the new process design. The simulation results indicated that the temperatures at the bottom of the extractive distillation column with the ionic liquid as an additive are lowered by an average of 3.1 degrees C, which is significant for inhibition of polymerization. We show that the ACN consumption using this process can be lowered by 24%, and the energy consumption can likewise be lowered by 6.62%

Temperature-dependent reversible and irreversible processes in Nb-doped PbZrO3 relaxor ferroelectric thin films

2015-2016 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Contribution from recoiling atoms in secondary electron emission induced by slow highly charged ions from tungsten surface

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">The electron emission yield gamma induced by Ne2+ and O2+ impacting on a clean tungsten surface has been measured. The range of projectile energy is from 3 keV/u to 14 keV/u. The total electron yield gradually increases with the projectile velocity. It is found simultaneously that the total electron yield for O2+ is larger than the total electron yield for Ne2+, which is opposite to the results for higher projectile velocity. After considering the contribution from recoiling atoms to the energy distribution and electron emission yield, we find that recoiling atoms am of crucial importance in electron emission in our energy range. Thus, the unexpected results in our experiment can be explained successfully.</span