A review of process advancement of novel metal spinning

Metal spinning technology has seen a rapid development in recent years. Novel spinning processes, such as non-axisymmetrical spinning, non-circular cross-section spinning and tooth-shaped spinning, are being developed. This has challenged the limitation of traditional spinning technology being used for manufacturing axisymmetrical, circular cross-section, and uniform wall-thickness parts. In this paper, the classification of the traditional spinning processes is proposed based on the material deformation characteristics, the relative position between roller and blank, mandrel spinning and mandrel-free spinning, and temperature of the blank during spinning. The advancement of recently developed novel spinning processes and corresponding tool design and equipment development are reviewed. The classification of the novel spinning processes is proposed based on the relative position between the rotating axes, the geometry of cross-section and the variation of wall-thickness of the spun parts. The material deformation mechanism, processing failures and spun part defects of the aforementioned three groups of novel spinning processes are discussed by analyzing four representative spinning processes of industrial applications. Furthermore, other novel spinning processes and their classification as reported in the literature are summarized

Experimental realization of large-alphabet quantum key distribution protocol using orbital angular momentum entanglement

We experimentally demonstrate a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using photon pairs entangled in orbit angular momentum (OAM). In our protocol, Alice and Bob modulate their OAM states on each entangled pair with spatial light modulators (SLMs), respectively. Alice uses a fixed phase hologram in her SLM, while Bob designs $N$ different suitable phase holograms and uses them to represent his $N$-based information in his SLM. With coincidences, Alice can fully retrieve the key stream sent by Bob without information reconciliation or privacy amplification. We report the experiment results with N=3 and the sector states with OAM eigenmodes l=1 and l=-1. Our experiment shows that the coincidence rates are in relatively distinct value regions for the three different key elements. Alice could recover fully Bob's keys by the protocol. Finally, we discuss the security of the protocol both form the light way and against the general attacks

Genome‐wide association study identifies three novel susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus in Han Chinese

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145580/1/bjd16500_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145580/2/bjd16500.pd

A metallic phase in quantum Hall systems

The electronic eigenstates of a quantum Hall (QH) system are chiral states. Strong inter-Landau-band mixings among these states can occur when the bandwidth is comparable to the spacing of two adjacent Landau bands. We show that mixing of localized states with opposite chirality can delocalize electronic states. Based on numerical results, we propose the existence of a metallic phase between two adjacent QH phases and between a QH phase and the insulating phase. This result is consistent with non-scaling behaviors observed in recent experiments on quantum-Hall-liquid-to-insulator transition.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Will be published in Phys. Rev. Let

Association between age at diabetes onset or diabetes duration and subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer: Results from a longitudinal cohort and mendelian randomization study

Background: The aim of the study is to estimate the incidence of pancreatic cancer among individuals with new-onset type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and evaluate the relationship of pancreatic cancer risk with age at diabetes onset and diabetes duration. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 428,362 new-onset T2DM patients in Shanghai and Mendelian randomization (MR) in the east-Asian population were used to investigate the association. Incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in all patients and by subgroups were calculated and compared to the general population. Findings: A total of 1056 incident pancreatic cancer cases were identified during eight consecutive years of follow-up. The overall pancreatic cancer annual incidence rate was 55·28/100,000 person years in T2DM patients, higher than that in the general population, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1·54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1·45–1·64). The incidence of pancreatic cancer increased with age and a significantly higher incidence was observed in the older groups with T2DM. However, the relative pancreatic cancer risk was inversely related to age of T2DM onset, and a higher SIR of 5·73 (95%CI, 4·49–7·22) was observed in the 20–54 years old group. The risk of pancreatic cancer was elevated at any diabetes duration. Fasting blood glucose ≥10·0 mmol/L was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. MR analysis indicated a positive association between T2DM and pancreatic cancer risk. Interpretation: Efforts toward early and close follow-up programs, especially in individuals with young-onset T2DM, and the improvement of glucose control might represent effective strategies for improving the detection and results of treatment of pancreatic cancer. Funding: Chinese National Natural Science Foundation

Gamma ray flares from Mrk421 in 2008 observed with the ARGO-YBJ detector

In 2008 the blazar Markarian 421 entered a very active phase and was one of the brightest sources in the sky at TeV energies, showing frequent flaring episodes. Using the data of ARGO-YBJ, a full coverage air shower detector located at Yangbajing (4300 m a.s.l., Tibet, China), we monitored the source at gamma ray energies E > 0.3 TeV during the whole year. The observed flux was variable, with the strongest flares in March and June, in correlation with X-ray enhanced activity. While during specific episodes the TeV flux could be several times larger than the Crab Nebula one, the average emission from day 41 to 180 was almost twice the Crab level, with an integral flux of (3.6 +-0.6) 10^-11 photons cm^-2 s^-1 for energies E > 1 TeV, and decreased afterwards. This paper concentrates on the flares occurred in the first half of June. This period has been deeply studied from optical to 100 MeV gamma rays, and partially up to TeV energies, since the moonlight hampered the Cherenkov telescope observations during the most intense part of the emission. Our data complete these observations, with the detection of a signal with a statistical significance of 3.8 standard deviations on June 11-13, corresponding to a gamma ray flux about 6 times larger than the Crab one above 1 TeV. The reconstructed differential spectrum, corrected for the intergalactic absorption, can be represented by a power law with an index alpha = -2.1 extending up to several TeV. The spectrum slope is fully consistent with previous observations reporting a correlation between the flux and the spectral index, suggesting that this property is maintained in different epochs and characterizes the source emission processes.Comment: Accepted for publication on ApJ

Acoustic-optical phonon up-conversion and hot-phonon bottleneck in lead-halide perovskites

The hot-phonon bottleneck effect in lead-halide perovskites (APbX3) prolongs the cooling period of hot charge carriers, an effect that could be used in the next-generation photovoltaics devices. Using ultrafast optical characterization and first-principle calculations, four kinds of lead-halide perovskites (A=FA(+)/MA(+)/Cs(+), X=I(-)/Br(-)) are compared in this study to reveal the carrier-phonon dynamics within. Here we show a stronger phonon bottleneck effect in hybrid perovskites than in their inorganic counterparts. Compared with the caesium-based system, a 10 times slower carrier-phonon relaxation rate is observed in FAPbI3. The up-conversion of low-energy phonons is proposed to be responsible for the bottleneck effect. The presence of organic cations introduces overlapping phonon branches and facilitates the up-transition of low-energy modes. The blocking of phonon propagation associated with an ultralow thermal conductivity of the material also increases the overall up-conversion efficiency. This result also suggests a new and general method for achieving long-lived hot carriers in materials.Jianfeng Yang, Xiaoming Wen, Hongze Xia, Rui Sheng, Qingshan Ma, Jincheol Kim, Patrick Tapping, Takaaki Harada, Tak W. Kee, Fuzhi Huang, Yi-Bing Cheng, Martin Green, Anita Ho-Baillie, Shujuan Huang, Santosh Shrestha, Robert Patterson, Gavin Conibee