Energy recovery strategy for regenerative braking system of intelligent four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles

Regenerative braking system can recovery energy in various electric vehicles. Considering large computation load of global optimization methods, most researches adopt instantaneous or local algorithms to optimize the recuperation energy, and incline to study straight deceleration processes. However, uncertain drivers' intentions limit the potential exploration of economy improvement, and simple test conditions do not reflect the complexity of actual driving cycles. Herein, an innovative control architecture is designed for intelligent vehicles to overcome these challenges to some extent. Compared with traditional vehicles, driverless ones would eliminate drivers' interferences, and have more freedoms to optimize energy recovery, route tracking and dynamics stability. Specifically, a series regenerative braking system is designed, and then a three‐level control architecture is first proposed to coordinate three performances. In the top layer, some rules with maximum recuperation energy is exploited off‐line for optimising the velocity and control commands on‐line. In the middle layer, local algorithm is used to track the commands and complex routes for optimal energy from a global perspective. In the bottom layer, hydraulic and regenerative toques are allocated. Tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design and control schemes

Correspondence Between DGP Brane Cosmology and 5D Ricci-flat Cosmology

We discuss the correspondence between the DGP brane cosmology and 5D Ricci-flat cosmology by letting their metrics equal each other. By this correspondence, a specific geometrical property of the arbitrary integral constant I in DGP metric is given and it is related to the curvature of 5D bulk. At the same time, the relation of arbitrary functions $\mu$ and $\nu$ in a class of Ricci-flat solutions is obtained from DGP brane metric.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted by MPLA, added referenc

Improved taxol production in Nodulisporium sylviforme derived from inactivated protoplast fusion

Inactivated protoplast fusion by UV irradiation and UV+LiCl mutation was conducted using Nodulisporium sylviforme strain UV40-19 and UL50-6 to breed a high taxol-producing fungus. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of taxol production was confirmed using thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The protoplasts of UV40-19 and UL50-6 were fully inactivated by heating at 54°C for 5 min and by UV irradiation (30 w UV light and vertical distance 30 cm) for 85 s. The highest fusion rate (14.31 ± 1.13%) between UV40-19 and UL50-6 was obtained under the conditions of 35% PEG, 90 s fusion time and the addition of 0.01 mol/l CaCl2. One high taxol production strain HDF-68 was obtained. The taxol production was up to 468.62 ± 37.49 μg/l, which was increased by 24.51 and 19.35% compared with the parental strain UV40-19 and UL50-6, respectively. This study provided a good basis for the application of this technique to the breeding of the strains with high taxol output.Key words: Taxol, endophytic fungi, protoplast preparation, protoplast fusion

Dark Energy in Global Brane Universe

We discuss the exact solutions of brane universes and the results indicate the Friedmann equations on the branes are modified with a new density term. Then, we assume the new term as the density of dark energy. Using Wetterich's parametrization equation of state (EOS) of dark energy, we obtain the new term varies with the red-shift z. Finally, the evolutions of the mass density parameter $\Omega_2$, dark energy density parameter $\Omega_x$ and deceleration parameter q_2 are studied.Comment: 8 pages,4 figure

Fermi resonance-algebraic model for molecular vibrational spectra

A Fermi resonance-algebraic model is proposed for molecular vibrations, where a U(2) algebra is used for describing the vibrations of each bond, and Fermi resonances between stretching and bending modes are taken into account. The model for a bent molecule XY_2 and a molecule XY_3 is successfully applied to fit the recently observed vibrational spectrum of the water molecule and arsine (AsH_3), respectively, and results are compared with those of other models. Calculations show that algebraic approaches can be used as an effective method for describing molecular vibrations with small standard deviations

Negative Magnetoresistance in the Nearest-neighbor Hopping Conduction

We propose a size effect which leads to the negative magnetoresistance in granular metal-insulator materials in which the hopping between two nearest neighbor clusters is the main transport mechanism. We show that the hopping probability increases with magnetic field. This is originated from the level crossing in a few-electron cluster. Thus, the overlap of electronic states of two neighboring clusters increases, and the negative magnetoresistance is resulted.Comment: Latex file, no figur

5D5D Solutions to Λ\LambdaCDM Universe Derived from Global Brane Model

An exact solution of brane universe is studied and the result indicates that Friedmann equations on the brane are modified with an extra term. This term can play the role of dark energy and make the universe accelerate. In order to derive the $\Lambda$CDM Universe from this global brane model, the new solutions are obtained to describe the $5D$ manifold.Comment: 7 pages, no figure, accepted by MPL

A convenient tandem one-pot synthesis of donor-acceptor-type triphenylene 2,3-dicarboxylic esters from diarylacetylene

A tandem one-pot method for the direct synthesis of polysubstituted triphenylene 2,3-dicarboxylic esters with different substitution patterns was developed by enyne metathesis of diarylacetylene, followed by Diels–Alder, aromatization and a cyclization cascade