Effects of the combination of levonorgestrel and quinestrol on reproductive hormone levels and their receptor expression in female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Lv, X., Guo, Y., Shi, D

Financial protection for the poor in Colombia: the effects of a subsidized health insurance scheme

Financial protection is one of the objectives of health systems, which protects poor households from falling into poverty as a result of health care related expenses. Expanding prepayment schemes to the poor is difficult in developing countries because labor is largely informal. Providing health care free-at-point-of-service does not adequately target spending on the poorest, but occupation- or community-based schemes have also inherent limitations to achieve universal coverage. Colombia adopted a government-subsidized health insurance scheme (SHI) strategy. The political debate about increasing SHI enrollment needs evidence about the effectiveness of this scheme regarding financial protection. This study runs a four-part model to estimate the effect of SHI on out-of-pocket expenses by the poor that are currently uninsured, if they were enrolled in the SHI. The results show a 43% and 50% reduction in expenses at Bogotá and national level respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of SHI as a financial protection tool.Financial protection, subsidized insurance, out of pocket expenses, Colombia

Coherent control of Snell's law

We demonstrate coherent control of the generalized Snell's law in ultrathin gradient metasurfaces constructed by an array of V-shaped slot nanoantennas