82 research outputs found

    Early Induction of Oxidative Stress in Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease with Reduced Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Activity

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    While oxidative stress has been linked to Alzheimer's disease, the underlying pathophysiological relationship is unclear. To examine this relationship, we induced oxidative stress through the genetic ablation of one copy of mitochondrial antioxidant superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) allele in mutant human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice. The brains of young (5–7 months of age) and old (25–30 months of age) mice with the four genotypes, wild-type (Sod2+/+), hemizygous Sod2 (Sod2+/−), hAPP/wild-type (Sod2+/+), and hAPP/hemizygous (Sod2+/−) were examined to assess levels of oxidative stress markers 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and heme oxygenase-1. Sod2 reduction in young hAPP mice resulted in significantly increased oxidative stress in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Interestingly, while differences resulting from hAPP expression or Sod2 reduction were not apparent in the neurons in old mice, oxidative stress was increased in astrocytes in old, but not young hAPP mice with either Sod2+/+ or Sod2+/−. Our study shows the specific changes in oxidative stress and the causal relationship with the pathological progression of these mice. These results suggest that the early neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress in the hAPP/Sod2+/− mice may contribute to the pathological and behavioral changes seen in this animal model

    Enhancement of photo-to-current efficiency over two-dimensional Bi2MoO6 nanoplate thin-film photoelectrode

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    Two-dimensional BiMoO nanoplates were controllable synthesized by a hydrothermal process. An enhancement in the photo-to-current efficiency was observed over the two-dimensional BiMoO nanoplate thin-film photoelectrode with comparison to that of a solid state prepared BiMoO electrode. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the photoelectrode with a uniform surface morphology can be prepared using BiMoO nanoplate powder, which is beneficial for the transportation of photogenerated electrons to the surface due to the low boundary loss in the nanoplate thin film. The repulsive force increases due to the local structure variation of BiMoO nanoplates are considered to be the intrinsic factor for the enhancement of photo-to-current efficiency

    Dispersing carbon nanotubes with graphene oxide in water and synergistic effects between graphene derivatives

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    Synergistic graphenes: The chemical and electrical synergies between graphene derivatives enable a simple, cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy for solution-phase processing of graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The new nanohybrid exhibits high performance when used as electrodes for supercapacitors (see figure; ER=electrochemically reduced, CCG=chemically converted graphene)

    Generation of common mode in non-uniform differential interconnections

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    This work investigates the mechanism of generation of undesired common-mode (CM) currents in differential-line interconnects with slight non-uniformity owing to imperfect production process. To this end, three different non-ideal configurations are considered, obtained by perturbation of an ideally-uniform differential interconnect composed of two microstrips. By resorting to modal analysis, the governing transmission line equations are written as a perturbation of those of the ideal structure. This allows circuit interpretation of the mode conversion phenomenon in the analogy with crosstalk. The role played by each geometrical parameter (varying along the line) on the frequency response of the common- A nd differential-mode quantities induced at the line terminals is shown and discussed
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