116,174 research outputs found
Space Charge Effect and Mirror Charge Effect in Photoemission Spectroscopy
We report the observation and systematic investigation of the space charge
effect and mirror charge effect in photoemission spectroscopy. When pulsed
light is incident on a sample, the photoemitted electrons experience energy
redistribution after escaping from the surface because of the Coulomb
interaction between them (space charge effect) and between photoemitted
electrons and the distribution of mirror charges in the sample (mirror charge
effect). These combined Coulomb interaction effects give rise to an energy
shift and a broadening which can be on the order of 10 meV for a typical
third-generation synchrotron light source. This value is comparable to many
fundamental physical parameters actively studied by photoemission spectroscopy
and should be taken seriously in interpreting photoemission data and in
designing next generation experiments.Comment: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 142(2004)27-3
Strong energy enhancement in a laser-driven plasma-based accelerator through stochastic friction
Conventionally, friction is understood as an efficient dissipation mechanism
depleting a physical system of energy as an unavoidable feature of any
realistic device involving moving parts, e.g., in mechanical brakes. In this
work, we demonstrate that this intuitive picture loses validity in nonlinear
quantum electrodynamics, exemplified in a scenario where spatially random
friction counter-intuitively results in a highly directional energy flow. This
peculiar behavior is caused by radiation friction, i.e., the energy loss of an
accelerated charge due to the emission of radiation. We demonstrate
analytically and numerically how radiation friction can enhance the performance
of a specific class of laser-driven particle accelerators. We find the
unexpected directional energy boost to be due to the particles' energy being
reduced through friction whence the driving laser can accelerate them more
efficiently. In a quantitative case we find the energy of the laser-accelerated
particles to be enhanced by orders of magnitude.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
An extended Kalman filtering approach to modeling nonlinear dynamic gene regulatory networks via short gene expression time series
Copyright [2009] IEEE. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of Brunel University's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to [email protected]. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.In this paper, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is applied to model the gene regulatory network from gene time series data. The gene regulatory network is considered as a nonlinear dynamic stochastic model that consists of the gene measurement equation and the gene regulation equation. After specifying the model structure, we apply the EKF algorithm for identifying both the model parameters and the actual value of gene expression levels. It is shown that the EKF algorithm is an online estimation algorithm that can identify a large number of parameters (including parameters of nonlinear functions) through iterative procedure by using a small number of observations. Four real-world gene expression data sets are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the EKF algorithm, and the obtained models are evaluated from the viewpoint of bioinformatics
Evidence of Electron Fractionalization from Photoemission Spectra in the High Temperature Superconductors
In the normal state of the high temperature superconductors
Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+delta} and La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_4, and in the related ``stripe
ordered'' material La_1.25Nd_0.6Sr_0.15CuO_4, there is sharp structure in the
measured single hole spectral function A(k,w) considered as a function of k at
fixed small binding energy w. At the same time, as a function of w at fixed k
on much of the putative Fermi surface, any structure in A(k,w), other than the
Fermi cutoff, is very broad. This is characteristic of the situation in which
there are no stable excitations with the quantum numbers of the electron, as is
the case in the one dimensional electron gas.Comment: Published versio
The Dichotomy between Nodal and Antinodal Quasiparticles in Underdoped (LaSr)CuO Superconductors
High resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements on underdoped
(LaSr)CuO system show that, at energies below 70 meV, the
quasiparticle peak is well defined around the (/2,/2) nodal region
and disappears rather abruptly when the momentum is changed from the nodal
point to the (,0) antinodal point along the underlying ``Fermi surface''.
It indicates that there is an extra low energy scattering mechanism acting upon
the antinodal quasiparticles. We propose that this mechanism is the scattering
of quasiparticles across the nearly parallel segments of the Fermi surface near
the antinodes.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
A refined invariant subspace method and applications to evolution equations
The invariant subspace method is refined to present more unity and more
diversity of exact solutions to evolution equations. The key idea is to take
subspaces of solutions to linear ordinary differential equations as invariant
subspaces that evolution equations admit. A two-component nonlinear system of
dissipative equations was analyzed to shed light on the resulting theory, and
two concrete examples are given to find invariant subspaces associated with
2nd-order and 3rd-order linear ordinary differential equations and their
corresponding exact solutions with generalized separated variables.Comment: 16 page
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