A search for neutrino-antineutrino mass inequality by means of sterile neutrino oscillometry

The investigation of the oscillation pattern induced by the sterile neutrinos might determine the oscillation parameters, and at the same time, allow to probe CPT symmetry in the leptonic sector through neutrino-antineutrino mass inequality. We propose to use a large scintillation detector like JUNO or LENA to detect electron neutrinos and electron antineutrinos from MCi electron capture or beta decay sources. Our calculations indicate that such an experiment is realistic and could be performed in parallel to the current research plans for JUNO and RENO. Requiring at least 5$\sigma$ confidence level and assuming the values of the oscillation parameters indicated by the current global fit, we would be able to detect neutrino-antineutrino mass inequality of the order of 0.5% or larger, which would imply a signal of CPT anomalies.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure

Multicomponent encapsulation into fully degradable protein nanocarriers via interfacial azide-alkyne click reaction in miniemulsion allows the co-delivery of immunotherapeutics

Encapsulation of multiple adjuvants along with antigens into nanocarriers allows a co-delivery to antigen-presenting cells for the synergistic induction of robust immune responses. However, loading cargoes of different molar masses, polarities, and solubilities in high efficiencies remains a challenge. Therefore, we developed a strategy to encapsulate a triple combination of the so-called adjuvants, i.e. with Resiquimod (R848), muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I : C)) into human serum albumin (HSA) nanocarriers. The loading is conducted in situ while the nanocarrier is formed by an orthogonal and metal-free click reaction at the interface of an inverse miniemulsion. By this unique approach, high encapsulation efficiency without harming the cargo during the nanocarrier formation process and regardless of their physical properties is achieved, thus keeping their bioactivity. Furthermore, we demonstrated high control over the encapsulation efficiency and varying the amount of each cargo did not influence the efficiency of multicomponent encapsulation. Azide-modified HSA was crosslinked with hexanediol dipropiolate (HDDP) at the interface of a water-in-oil miniemulsion. Varying the crosslinker amount allowed us to tailor the density and degradation rates of the protein shell. Additional installation of disulfide bonds into the crosslinker created redox-responsive nanocarriers, which degraded both by protease and under reducing conditions with dithiothreitol. The prepared HSA nanocarriers were efficiently taken up by dendritic cells and exhibited an additive cell activation and maturation, exceeding the nanocarriers loaded with only a single drug. This general protocol allows the orthogonal and metal-free encapsulation of various drugs or adjuvants at defined concentrations into the protein nanocarriers

Fourier Transforms of Lorentz Invariant Functions

Fourier transforms of Lorentz invariant functions in Minkowski space, with support on both the timelike and the spacelike domains are performed by means of direct integration. The cases of 1+1 and 1+2 dimensions are worked out in detail, and the results for 1+n dimensions are given.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur

Impurity and edge roughness scattering in armchair graphene nanoribbons: Boltzmann approach

The conductivity of armchair graphene nanoribbons in the presence of short-range impurities and edge roughness is studied theoretically using the Boltzmann transport equation for quasi-one-dimensional systems. As the number of occupied subbands increases, the conductivity due to short-range impurities converges towards the two-dimensional case. Calculations of the magnetoconductivity confirm the edge-roughness-induced dips at cyclotron radii close to the ribbon width suggested by the recent quantum simulations

Optimal Depth, Very Small Size Circuits for Symmetrical Functions in AC0

AbstractIt is well known which symmetric Boolean functions can be computed by constant depth, polynomial size, unbounded fan-in circuits, i.e., which are contained in the complexity class AC0. This result is sharpened. Symmetric Boolean functions in AC0 can be computed by unbounded fan-in circuits with the following properties. If the optimal depth of AC0-circuits is d, the depth is at most d + 2, the number of wires is almost linear, namely n logO(1)n, and the number of gates is subpolynomial (but superpolylogarithmic), namely 2O(logδn) for some δ < 1

Edge effects in graphene nanostructures: I. From multiple reflection expansion to density of states

We study the influence of different edge types on the electronic density of states of graphene nanostructures. To this end we develop an exact expansion for the single particle Green's function of ballistic graphene structures in terms of multiple reflections from the system boundary, that allows for a natural treatment of edge effects. We first apply this formalism to calculate the average density of states of graphene billiards. While the leading term in the corresponding Weyl expansion is proportional to the billiard area, we find that the contribution that usually scales with the total length of the system boundary differs significantly from what one finds in semiconductor-based, Schr\"odinger type billiards: The latter term vanishes for armchair and infinite mass edges and is proportional to the zigzag edge length, highlighting the prominent role of zigzag edges in graphene. We then compute analytical expressions for the density of states oscillations and energy levels within a trajectory based semiclassical approach. We derive a Dirac version of Gutzwiller's trace formula for classically chaotic graphene billiards and further obtain semiclassical trace formulae for the density of states oscillations in regular graphene cavities. We find that edge dependent interference of pseudospins in graphene crucially affects the quantum spectrum.Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev.

Physical Conditoins in Orion's Veil II: A Multi-Component Study of the Line of Sight Toward the Trapezium

Orion's Veil is an absorbing screen that lies along the line of sight to the Orion H II region. It consists of two or more layers of gas that must lie within a few parsecs of the Trapezium cluster. Our previous work considered the Veil as a whole and found that the magnetic field dominates the energetics of the gas in at least one component. Here we use high-resolution STIS UV spectra that resolve the two velocity components in absorption and determine the conditions in each. We derive a volume hydrogen density, 21 cm spin temperature, turbulent velocity, and kinetic temperature, for each. We combine these estimates with magnetic field measurements to find that magnetic energy significantly dominates turbulent and thermal energies in one component, while the other component is close to equipartition between turbulent and magnetic energies. We observe molecular hydrogen absorption for highly excited v, J levels that are photoexcited by the stellar continuum, and detect blueshifted S III and P III. These ions must arise from ionized gas between the mostly neutral portions of the Veil and the Trapezium and shields the Veil from ionizing radiation. We find that this layer of ionized gas is also responsible for He I absorption in the Veil, which resolves a 40-year-old debate on the origin of He I absorption towards the Trapezium. Finally, we determine that the ionized and mostly atomic layers of the Veil will collide in less than 85,000 years.Comment: 43 pages, 15 figures, to be published in Ap