6 research outputs found
Nutrient budgets for European seas: a measure of the effectiveness of nutrient reduction policies
Socio-economic
development
in Europe has exerted increasing
pressure on the marine environment.
Eutrophication,
caused by nutrient
enrichment,
is evident
in regions of all European
seas. Its severity
varies
but has, in places, adversely impacted socio-economic
activities.
This paper aims to evaluate
the
effectiveness
of recently adopted policies
to reduce anthropogenic
nutrient
inputs to European
seas. Nitrogen
and phosphorus
budgets
were constructed
for three different
periods
(prior to severe eutrophication,
during
severe eutrophication
and contemporary)
to capture
changes in the relative
importance
of different
nutrient
sources in four European
seas suffering from eutrophication
(Baltic
Proper, coastal North Sea,
Northern
Adriatic
and North-Western Black Sea Shelf). Policy
success
is evident
for point sources, notably
for P in the Baltic
and North Seas, but reduction
of diffuse
sources has been more problematic
<Originals> Oxygen Uptake of Hemiparetic Patients during Walking
The relations between oxygen uptake and Brunnstrom's recovery stage, speed of walking, age and sex were investigated in nineteen hemiparetic patients. Nine of them were males and ten were females. Their mean age was 59.3. There were thirteen cases of cerebral hemorrhage and six of cerebral infarction. Oxygen uptake was determined by analysis of expired gas collected in a Douglas bag during walking. The mean of oxygen uptake was 12.85Ā±4.14(S.D.) mlO_2/kg/min. There were no significant relationships between oxygen uptake and Brunnstrom's recovery stage, speed of walking or age. However, oxygen uptake in females was significantly less than in males. We speculated that males walked with more effort than females and found that several patients required more oxygen than normal subjects in unrestrained walking