Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations on the Specific Sorption and Molecular Recognition

This article presents a work aiming at thermodynamically and kinetically interpreting the specific sorption and recognition by a molecularly imprinted polymer. Using Boc-L-Phe-OH as a template, the imprinted material was prepared. The result indicates that the prepared polymer can well discriminate the imprint species from its analogue (Boc-D-Phe-OH), so as to adsorb more for the former but less for the latter. Kinetic analysis indicates that this specific sorption, in nature, can be a result of a preferential promotion. The imprint within the polymer causes a larger adsorption rate for the template than for the analogue. Thermodynamic study also implies that the molecular induction from the specific imprint to the template is larger than to the analogue, which thus makes the polymer capable of preferentially alluring the template to bind

Association between Irrigation Fluids, Washout Volumes and Risk of Local Recurrence of Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 427 Cases and 492 Controls

<div><p>Background</p><p>Rectal washout can prevent local recurrence after anterior resection of rectal cancer. Few studies have focused particularly on the association between irrigation fluids volume or agents and the risk of local recurrence after anterior resection of rectal cancer.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To estimate the association between irrigation fluids types, volumes of rectal washout and risk of local recurrence after anterior resection for cancer.</p><p>Data Sources</p><p>Relevant studies were identified by a search of <i>Medline, Embase, Wiley Online Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, Wanfang databases and Google Website</i> from their inception until <i>October 18,2013</i>.</p><p>Study Selection</p><p>Studies reporting the association between rectal washout types and volumes and risk of local recurrence after anterior resection for cancer were included.</p><p>Interventions</p><p>Eligible studies used rectal washout. Control groups were defined as no washout.</p><p>Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods</p><p>Random-effects model were used to obtain summary estimates of RR and 95% CI, with Stata version <i>11</i> and RevMan <i>5.2.5</i> softwares used. The quality of report was appraised in reference to the MINORS item.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the <i>919</i> rectal cancer patients in 8 included studies, a total of 61(6.64%) cases of local recurrence were reported, with a pooled RR <i>0.51 (95%CI = 0.28–0.92, P = 0.03).</i> The <i>RRs 0.37</i> and <i>0.39</i> in normal saline and washout volume (<i>≥1500 ml</i> normal saline) subgroup, respectively, indicated that rectal washout with normal saline, or <i>≥1500 ml</i> in volume could significantly reduce local recurrence (LR) rate <i>(95% CI = 0.17–0.79, P = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.18–0.87, P = 0.02)</i> after anterior resection for cancer.</p><p>Limitation</p><p>The included studies were non-randomized observational studies, with diversity of study designs.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Rectal washout with normal saline alone can reduce the risk of local recurrence in patients with resectable rectal cancer, and 1.5 liters rectal washout in volume is recommended.</p></div

Methodological quality assessment of the included studies.

#<p>0 = not reported; 1 = reported but inadequate; 2 = reported and adequate;</p><p>*0 for nonrandomized studies and 2 for randomized studies; ITT: intention-to-treat.</p

Egger’s test of 8 Included Studies.

<p>Egger’s test of 8 Included Studies.</p

A connection from Arctic stratospheric ozone to El Niño-Southern oscillation

Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion is thought to influence the Southern Hemisphere tropospheric climate. Recently, Arctic stratospheric ozone (ASO) variations have been found to affect the middle-high latitude tropospheric climate in the Northern Hemisphere. This paper demonstrates that the impact of ASO can extend to the tropics, with the ASO variations leading El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events by about 20 months. Using observations, analysis, and simulations, the connection between ASO and ENSO is established by combining the high-latitude stratosphere to troposphere pathway with the extratropical to tropical climate teleconnection. This shows that the ASO radiative anomalies influence the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), and the anomalous NPO and induced Victoria Mode anomalies link to the North Pacific circulation that then influences ENSO. Our results imply that incorporating realistic and time-varying ASO into climate system models may help to improve ENSO predictions

Results of Meta-analysis after Excluding the Heterogeneous Study.

<p>WO = washout group; NWO = no washout group; LR: local recurrence; AR: anastomotic recurrence; WV: washout volume; NO: serial number of a study N: the number of patients; rate: rate of events; NS = not stated; Rate: LR rate or AR rate; RR :risk ratio; OR: odds ratio.</p