4,202 research outputs found
Household Income Determination and Regional Income Differential in Rural China
Regional income dispersion is a sensitive issue in China in terms of judging the impact of economic reform. This study looks closely at the issue as to what are the determinants of income variation among households in general, and which are the key determinants of income dispersion among different regions. The study uses the data from a sample survey on 1000 rural households in five Chinese provinces. Household income equations are estimated to assess the determinants of income variations among China’s rural households. Blinder’s (1973) decomposition approach is used to determine whether the regional income differential is mostly due to regional endowment differential or regional premium. Among other interesting findings, the major determinant of regional income dispersion seems to be the degree of regional marketisation. Moreover, the rate of return to most factors is significantly different across regions. These findings suggest that further economic reform in less developed regions and the open up of inter-regional trade and factor mobility are the most important factors in reducing the regional income differentialhousehold income; regional differential; rural china
The effects of massive graviton on the equilibrium between the black hole and radiation gas in an isolated box
It is well known that the black hole can has temperature and radiate the
particles with black body spectrum, i.e. Hawking radiation. Therefore, if the
black hole is surrounded by an isolated box, there is a thermal equilibrium
between the black hole and radiation gas. A simple case considering the thermal
equilibrium between the Schwarzschild black hole and radiation gas in an
isolated box has been well investigated previously in detail, i.e. taking the
conservation of energy and principle of maximal entropy for the isolated system
into account. In this paper, following the above spirit, the effects of massive
graviton on the thermal equilibrium will be investigated. For the gravity with
massive graviton, we will use the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive
gravity which has been proven to be ghost free. Because the graviton mass
depends on two parameters in the dRGT massive gravity, here we just investigate
two simple cases related to the two parameters, respectively. Our results show
that in the first case the massive graviton can suppress or increase the
condensation of black hole in the radiation gas although the diagram is
similar like the Schwarzschild black hole case. For the second case, a new
diagram has been obtained. Moreover, an interesting and important
prediction is that the condensation of black hole just increases from the zero
radius of horizon in this case, which is very different from the Schwarzschild
black hole case.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Generalized Vaidya Solutions and Misner-Sharp mass for -dimensional massive gravity
Dynamical solutions are always of interest to people in gravity theories. We
derive a series of generalized Vaidya solutions in the -dimensional de
Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity with a singular reference metric.
Similar to the case of the Einstein gravity, the generalized Vaidya solution
can describe shining/absorbing stars. Moreover, we also find a more general
Vaidya-like solution by introducing a more generic matter field than the pure
radiation in the original Vaidya spacetime. As a result, the above generalized
Vaidya solution is naturally included in this Vaidya-like solution as a special
case. We investigate the thermodynamics for this Vaidya-like spacetime by using
the unified first law, and present the generalized Misner-Sharp mass. Our
results show that the generalized Minser-Sharp mass does exist in this
spacetime. In addition, the usual Clausius relation holds on
the apparent horizon, which implicates that the massive gravity is in a
thermodynamic equilibrium state. We find that the work density vanishes for the
generalized Vaidya solution, while it appears in the more general Vaidya-like
solution. Furthermore, the covariant generalized Minser-Sharp mass in the
-dimensional de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity is also derived by
taking a general metric ansatz into account.Comment: 10 pages, no figure, version published in PR
Entanglement entropy as an order parameter for strongly coupled nodal line semimetals
Topological semimetals are a class of many-body systems exhibiting novel
macroscopic quantum phenomena at the interplay between high energy and
condensed matter physics. They display a topological quantum phase transition
(TQPT) which evades the standard Landau paradigm. In the case of Weyl
semimetals, the anomalous Hall effect is a good non-local order parameter for
the TQPT, as it is proportional to the separation between the Weyl nodes in
momentum space. On the contrary, for nodal line semimetals (NLSM), the quest
for an order parameter is still open. By taking advantage of a recently
proposed holographic model for strongly-coupled NLSM, we explicitly show that
entanglement entropy (EE) provides an optimal probe for nodal topology. We
propose a generalized -function, constructed from the EE, as an order
parameter for the TQPT. Moreover, we find that the derivative of the
renormalized EE with respect to the external coupling driving the TQPT diverges
at the critical point, signaling the rise of non-local quantum correlations.
Finally, we show that these quantum information quantities might be able to
characterize not only the critical point but the whole quantum critical region
at finite temperature.Comment: 35 pages, 16 figure
Household Income Determination and Regional Income Differential in Rural China
Regional income dispersion is a sensitive issue in China in terms of judging the impact of economic reform. This study looks closely at the issue as to what are the determinants of income variation among households in general, and which are the key determinants of income dispersion among different regions. The study uses the data from a sample survey on 1000 rural households in five Chinese provinces. Household income equations are estimated to assess the determinants of income variations among China’s rural households. Blinder’s (1973) decomposition approach is used to determine whether the regional income differential is mostly due to regional endowment differential or regional premium. Among other interesting findings, the major determinant of regional income dispersion seems to be the degree of regional marketisation. Moreover, the rate of return to most factors is significantly different across regions. These findings suggest that further economic reform in less developed regions and the open up of inter-regional trade and factor mobility are the most important factors in reducing the regional income differentia
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