The hint protocol: Using a broadcast method to enable ID-free data transmission for dense IoT devices

IoT (Internet of Things) has attracted a lot of attention recently. IoT devices need to report their data or status to base stations at various frequencies. The IoT communications observed by a base station normally exhibit the following characteristics: (1) massively connected, (2) lightly loaded per packet, and (3) periodical or at least mostly predictable. The current design principals of communication networks, when applied to IoT scenarios, however, do not fit well to these requirements. For example, an IPv6 address is 128 bits, which is much longer than a 16-bit temperature report. Also, contending to send a small packet is not cost-effective. In this work, we propose a novel framework, which is slot-based, schedule-oriented, and identity-free for uploading IoT devices' data. We show that it fits very well for IoT applications. We propose two schemes, from an ideal one to a more practical one. The main idea is to bundle time slots with certain hashing functions of device IDs, thus significantly reducing transmission overheads, including device IDs and contention overheads

Study on Barriers and Countermeasures of Technological Innovation of Ecological Service Function Assessment of Urban Greenbelt

AbstractAs the main body of the natural productivity, the urban greenbelt, an irreplaceable comprehensive ecological service system, plays a leading role in beautifying the urban appearance, improving the quality of the urban ecological environment, adjusting the urban ecological balance. The research of ecological service function assessment is a hot research of many domains in recent times, such as ecology, environmental science, sociology, science of culture, economics, etc. Technological innovation is not only the urgent need and significant support system of technological development, but also the urgent need of solving the existing problems of the ecological service function assessment of urban greenbelt. This paper analyzes the main barriers and corresponding countermeasures of the technological innovation, such as unsound innovation mechanism, dated technological means, fault information transform, unsound assessment system, etc., which provides enlightenment and reference for the assessment, planning, construction, management and sustainable development of the ecological service function of urban greenbelt

Give me a hint: An ID-free small data transmission protocol for dense IoT devices

IoT (Internet of Things) has attracted a lot of attention recently. IoT devices need to report their data or status to base stations at various frequencies. The IoT communications observed by a base station normally exhibit the following characteristics: (1) massively connected, (2) lightly loaded per packet, and (3) periodical or at least mostly predictable. The current design principals of communication networks, when applied to IoT scenarios, however, do not fit well to these requirements. For example, an IPv6 address is 128 bits, which is much longer than a 16-bit temperature report. Also, contending to send a small packet is not cost-effective. In this work, we propose a novel framework, which is slot-based, schedule-oriented, and identity-free for uploading IoT devices' data. We show that it fits very well for IoT applications. The main idea is to bundle time slots with certain hashing functions of device IDs, thus significantly reducing transmission overheads, including device IDs and contention overheads. The framework is applicable from small-scale body-area (wearable) networks to large-scale massively connected IoT networks. Our simulation results verify that this framework is very effective for IoT small data uploading