728 research outputs found
Day-to-day Traffic Dynamics with Strategic Commuters
In the era of connected and automated mobility, commuters (connected drivers
or automated vehicles) will possess strong computation capability and their
travel decisions can be algorithmic and strategic. This paper investigates the
day-to-day travel choice evolution of such strategic commuters who are capable
of long-term planning and computation. We model the commute problem as a mean
field game and examine the mean field equilibrium to derive the evolution of
the network traffic flow pattern. The proposed model is general and can be
tailored to various travel choices such as route or departure time. Under
various conditions, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the day-to-day
equilibrium traffic evolution pattern as well as its convergence to
stationarity. Connection with traditional Wardropian equilibrium is established
by examining the physical interpretation of the stationary solution
Qualifying Chinese Medical Licensing Examination with Knowledge Enhanced Generative Pre-training Model
Generative Pre-Training (GPT) models like ChatGPT have demonstrated
exceptional performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks.
Although ChatGPT has been integrated into the overall workflow to boost
efficiency in many domains, the lack of flexibility in the finetuning process
hinders its applications in areas that demand extensive domain expertise and
semantic knowledge, such as healthcare. In this paper, we evaluate ChatGPT on
the China National Medical Licensing Examination (CNMLE) and propose a novel
approach to improve ChatGPT from two perspectives: integrating medical domain
knowledge and enabling few-shot learning. By using a simple but effective
retrieval method, medical background knowledge is extracted as semantic
instructions to guide the inference of ChatGPT. Similarly, relevant medical
questions are identified and fed as demonstrations to ChatGPT. Experimental
results show that directly applying ChatGPT fails to qualify the CNMLE at a
score of 51 (i.e., only 51\% of questions are answered correctly). While our
knowledge-enhanced model achieves a high score of 70 on CNMLE-2022 which not
only passes the qualification but also surpasses the average score of humans
(61). This research demonstrates the potential of knowledge-enhanced ChatGPT to
serve as versatile medical assistants, capable of analyzing real-world medical
problems in a more accessible, user-friendly, and adaptable manner
Entanglement as the cross-symmetric part of quantum discord
In this paper, we show that the minimal quantum discord over
"cross-symmetric" state extensions is an entanglement monotone. In particular,
we show that the minimal Bures distance of discord over cross-symmetric
extensions is equivalent to the Bures distance of entanglement. At last, we
refute a long-held but unstated convention that only contractive distances can
be used to construct entanglement monotones by showing that the entanglement
quantifier induced by the Hilbert-Schmidt distance, which is not contractive
under quantum operations, is also an entanglement monotone.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2012.0383
Autocorrelation of a class of quaternary sequences of period
Sequences with good randomness properties are quite important for stream
ciphers. In this paper, a new class of quaternary sequences is constructed by
using generalized cyclotomic classes of . The
exact values of autocorrelation of these sequences are determined based on
cyclotomic numbers of order with respect to . Results show that the
presented sequences have the autocorrelations with at most values
Punicalagin alleviates brain injury and inflammatory responses, and regulates HO-1/Nrf-2/ARE signaling in rats after experimental intracerebral haemorrhage
Purpose: To investigate the effect of punicalagin, an ellagitannin present in pomegranates, on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH)-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and also unravel the underlying mechanism(s) of action.
Methods: Collagenase type IV (0.2 U) was used to induce ICH in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Punicalagin was given to the rats at doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight via oral gavage for 15 days before ICH induction. The animals were sacrificed 24h following induction of ICH, and their brains were excised immediately and used for analysis. Histological changes were determined with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Permeability to blood-brain barrier (BBB) was determined by quantifying the extent of extravasation of Evan Blue (EB). Protein expressions of HO-1/Nrf-2/ARE and NF-κB signaling were assayed using immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and serum levels of cytokines were also determined.
Results: Punicalagin treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and cell damage, improved brain tissue architecture and BBB integrity. The punicalagin treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and enhanced antioxidant status via activation of Nrf-2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). The treatment upregulated the expressions of HO-1 to 174 %, relative to 127 % in ICH control rats. Furthermore, it enhanced NF-κB levels and reversed the ICH injury-induced upregulations of IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that punicalagin exerts neuroprotective effect in rats after experimental ICH through regulation of theHO-1/Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway. Thus, punicalagin has therapeutic potential for ICH.
Keywords: Brain injury, Haemoxygenase-1, Intracerebral haemorrhage, Inflammatory responses, Nrf2/ARE signalling, Punicalagi
Partition-based K-space Synthesis for Multi-contrast Parallel Imaging
Multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging is a significant and essential
medical imaging technique.However, multi-contrast imaging has longer
acquisition time and is easy to cause motion artifacts. In particular, the
acquisition time for a T2-weighted image is prolonged due to its longer
repetition time (TR). On the contrary, T1-weighted image has a shorter TR.
Therefore,utilizing complementary information across T1 and T2-weighted image
is a way to decrease the overall imaging time. Previous T1-assisted T2
reconstruction methods have mostly focused on image domain using whole-based
image fusion approaches. The image domain reconstruction method has the defects
of high computational complexity and limited flexibility. To address this
issue, we propose a novel multi-contrast imaging method called partition-based
k-space synthesis (PKS) which can achieve super reconstruction quality of
T2-weighted image by feature fusion. Concretely, we first decompose
fully-sampled T1 k-space data and under-sampled T2 k-space data into two
sub-data, separately. Then two new objects are constructed by combining the two
sub-T1/T2 data. After that, the two new objects as the whole data to realize
the reconstruction of T2-weighted image. Finally, the objective T2 is
synthesized by extracting the sub-T2 data of each part. Experimental results
showed that our combined technique can achieve comparable or better results
than using traditional k-space parallel imaging(SAKE) that processes each
contrast independently
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