Entropy-based 2D image dissimilarity measure

Traditional histogram or statistics based 2D image similarity/dissimilarity metrics fail to handle conjugate pair of black and white images, due to the lack of spatial information in the measurement. Recently proposed Compression-based Dissimilarity Measure (CDM) [1] based on the concept of Kolmogorov complexity has provided a different paradise for similarity measurement. However, without a clear definition how to “concatenate” two 2D images, CDM has difficulties to directly apply with 2D images. In this thesis, an entropy -based 2D image dissimilarity measure is proposed within the same Kolmogorov complexity paradise. The spatial relationship between images is embedded in our metric, and the actual compression of images is not needed once the entropy values are obtained. The proposed metric has been tested for scene change detection application, and encouraging results are presented here

Mutations in the PKM2 exon-10 region are associated with reduced allostery and increased nuclear translocation.

PKM2 is a key metabolic enzyme central to glucose metabolism and energy expenditure. Multiple stimuli regulate PKM2's activity through allosteric modulation and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, PKM2 can partner with KDM8, an oncogenic demethylase and enter the nucleus to serve as a HIF1α co-activator. Yet, the mechanistic basis of the exon-10 region in allosteric regulation and nuclear translocation remains unclear. Here, we determined the crystal structures and kinetic coupling constants of exon-10 tumor-related mutants (H391Y and R399E), showing altered structural plasticity and reduced allostery. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed increased interaction with KDM8 for H391Y, R399E, and G415R. We also found a higher degree of HIF1α-mediated transactivation activity, particularly in the presence of KDM8. Furthermore, overexpression of PKM2 mutants significantly elevated cell growth and migration. Together, PKM2 exon-10 mutations lead to structure-allostery alterations and increased nuclear functions mediated by KDM8 in breast cancer cells. Targeting the PKM2-KDM8 complex may provide a potential therapeutic intervention

The Strategy of Sedimentation Reuse Response to Dam Removal, Case Study Shihgang Dam

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchive

Greater Pre-Stimulus Effective Connectivity from the Left Inferior Frontal Area to other Areas is Associated with Better Phonological Decoding in Dyslexic Readers

Functional neuroimaging studies suggest that neural networks that subserve reading are organized differently in dyslexic readers (DRs) and typical readers (TRs), yet the hierarchical structure of these networks has not been well studied. We used Granger causality to examine the effective connectivity of the preparatory network that occurs prior to viewing a non-word stimulus that requires phonological decoding in 7 DRs and 10 TRs who were young adults. The neuromagnetic activity that occurred 500 ms prior to each rhyme trial was analyzed from sensors overlying the left and right inferior frontal areas (IFA), temporoparietal areas, and ventral occipital–temporal areas within the low, medium, and high beta and gamma sub-bands. A mixed-model analysis determined whether connectivity to or from the left and right IFAs differed across connectivity direction (into vs. out of the IFAs), brain areas, reading group, and/or performance. Results indicated that greater connectivity in the low beta sub-band from the left IFA to other cortical areas was significantly related to better non-word rhyme discrimination in DRs but not TRs. This suggests that the left IFA is an important cortical area involved in compensating for poor phonological function in DRs. We suggest that the left IFA activates a wider-than usual network prior to each trial in the service of supporting otherwise effortful phonological decoding in DRs. The fact that the left IFA provides top-down activation to both posterior left hemispheres areas used by TRs for phonological decoding and homologous right hemisphere areas is discussed. In contrast, within the high gamma sub-band, better performance was associated with decreased connectivity between the left IFA and other brain areas, in both reading groups. Overly strong gamma connectivity during the pre-stimulus period may interfere with subsequent transient activation and deactivation of sub-networks once the non-word appears